Also, frequent pathogens of pyelonephritis are E. coli, Proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. With abnormal development of the kidneys and urinary tract the child is told of an innate disease. It can be due to the pathology of pregnancy, as well as kidney disease in the mother.
Infection penetrates the renal pelvis in two ways:
- ascending way - through the urethra;
- hematogenous way - the infection gets into the blood from another focus in the body.
The risk of pyelonephritis in a child increases if:
- decreased immunity (hypothermia, chronic colds, the child often gets sick);
- in the body there are foci of chronic infection (tonsillitis, sinusitis, cholecystitis, carious teeth);
- congenital or acquired diseases of the genitourinary system (vesicoureteral reflux of ureteric obstruction, urethral stenosis, hydronephrosis, polycystic kidney disease).
First signs
It is very important to recognize the onset of the disease in time. To identify the disease you need to know that pyelonephritis in children is acute and chronic:
1. Acute pyelonephritis - its symptoms include a sharp increase in temperature to 39 degrees, which is accompanied by chills, headache, sweating and vomiting. Skin at this pale, the child becomes listless. Older children complain of one or two-sided pain in the lumbar region, permanent or periodic. Breasts begin to behave restlessly and cry before and during urination. If the infection has gone to the bladder or urethra, pyelonephritis is accompanied by frequent urination and abdominal pain. Characteristic is the tension of the abdomen and the pain that arise when probing the waist. For small children, acute pyelonephritis is a serious infectious disease affecting the work of all organs.
2. And chronic pyelonephritis :
- the baby has a low-grade fever (37.1-37.5 ° C);
- He more often than usual asks to go to the toilet;
- or on the contrary seldom urinates, although he drinks, as usual (from road children empty the bladder in fairly large portions, approximately, with such frequency in a day: up to 6 months - 20 times, up to 1 year - 15 times, 2 years - 7- 10 times);
- he is capricious and complains of pains in the tummy;
- changed the craving for food, refuses his favorite dishes;
- his feces acquired an unusually sour smell;
- the urine of the baby is not transparent, but cloudy, darkish in color.
If you ignore these symptoms and do not start treatment, the autoimmune reaction of the body turns on, and he begins to perceive his own cells as alien, resulting in the development of pyelonephritis. Not cured in a timely manner, it can lead to glomerulonephritis - a serious kidney disease that does not respond well to treatment. A child who suffers from chronic pyelonephritis should be observed regularly by the doctor for at least seven years, until the baby's kidneys are finally formed.
To confirm the diagnosis, the doctor will prescribe an analysis of urine and blood. To urine analysis was objective and accurate try to adhere to the following rules.
- In the evening, sterilize the dishes for analysis. Ideally, this is a glass jar with a lid for baby food. If the child is already using a pot, clean it thoroughly in the evening and water it with boiling water.
- Carefully wash the baby. It is better to do this in the evening, because in the morning you may not be in time.
- For analysis, collect urine from the first drop. To simplify the task with a baby boy, use a conventional condom, or a special urine collection box for babies, you can buy it at a pharmacy.
According to medical experts, pyelonephritis is more common among girls (except for the infants only, when the kidneys are more concerned about the boys). The explanation for this is anatomy. In girls, the urethra is much wider and shorter than in boys. Infection, for example, from the anus, girls get into the kidneys much easier and faster. Therefore, proper hygiene is of particular importance for the organs of the entire genitourinary system. To keep the purity you need to teach your child from the earliest childhood, as well as the need, to keep the back and tummy warm in the warmth. To avoid hypothermia in the rain, frost or in the wind, properly wear your baby, and when the child grows up, be sure to explain why.
Drinking regime
Offer to drink your baby often, but in small portions, to maintain a normal water-salt balance and wash out toxins from the body. In one case, do not give a lot of fluid: after 40 minutes the baby releases the bladder, and his kidneys are empty again, although they received an increased load. In this case, both excessive and not enough drinking is harmful. The kid should receive a so-called unbound fluid: the one that is taken in addition to the main meal in between meals. It can be fresh juice, mineral water without gas, Uzvar (it should be prepared as follows: washed dried fruits are poured in a thermos with boiled water 85˚C and insist). Prepare a bowl for your child of fruit juice from berries of cranberries, currants of raspberries. All useful substances are absorbed from them much better. But in the fresh form of acidic berries is better to avoid - they irritate the kidneys and intestines. In day the two-year-old kid, sick of a pyelonephritis, should drink up to 400 ml. liquid.
Need a diet
It feeds, as well as to give a little water to a kid, it is necessary a little, but often. It should be excluded fat, spicy and salty foods. Also, give up salad, spinach, radishes, tomatoes: the crystals of uric acid salts contained in them additionally irritate the renal pelvis. Although children, as a rule, intuitively refuse their products harmful to them. Many pediatricians strictly limit the protein intake for pyelonephritis. But this is not entirely correct. Babies, who suffer from pyelonephritis, need a lot of protein, but easily digestible. It is better to feed children with fish, especially young carpics, crucian carp, they are easily digested by the children's gastrointestinal tract. It is also useful light dietary meat of turkey, rabbit, chicken. Bone broth is strictly forbidden, the liver is extremely heavy food, which requires a lot of energy for digestion. You can make jelly meat. It is boiled (but without bones) and poured with broth with gelatin. If it is a question of the baby, then all of these recommendations should be fully implemented by my mother.
Restore intestinal microflora after treatment
After treatment of pyelonephritis, which is carried out by antibiotics, the ratio of useful and harmful microflora can change in the gastrointestinal tract of the baby, which, as is known, is balanced and corresponds to the norm in a healthy state. To restore this ratio of bacteria in the intestines will help sour-milk products. It is better if you yourself prepare fresh milk from a healthy drink, such as yogurt. In order to ferment milk, use a special yogurt and a milky ferment. Also at home, you can prepare yogurt. Just pay attention to the fat content of milk. It should not have a fat content of more than 3.2%. In extreme cases, use special drugs with useful bifido- and lactobacilli.
How to avoid exacerbations.
Every common cold is a risk of exacerbation of pyelonephritis, and each of its outbreaks is a "scar" on the kidney. For your baby, immunoprophylaxis is extremely important. Very good when a baby for a long time breastfeeding is the strongest immune defense. If you do not already feed, then give the baby goat's milk (but only from a proven goat). Contrary to popular belief, it is very useful. In the old days babies who were left without moms were fed goat's milk, and they grew up healthy and strong. Immunomodulators, herbs will also support the children's organism. Only in any case, do not prescribe immunomodulating drugs to the child herself. An illiterate intervention in the baby's immune system that is not yet formed can lead to negative consequences. Any medications can be taken after an examination by an immunologist.
Be cautious about vaccination, as this is a big burden on the baby's immune system. Depending on the condition of the child, vaccinations are excluded or minimized. This can also be decided only by the attending physician. And it is not necessary to abandon inoculations due to own reasoning.