Gynecologist
Fatty tissue is not just "extra" fat, which only gives us problems. This is an important element of the reproductive system (along with the ovaries). Fat cells contain a special enzyme aromatase, which turns male sex hormones androgens into female estrogens. Those, in turn, regulate the most important processes of the reproductive system. In the menopause, when the function of the ovaries gradually fades, fat tissue becomes the main source of estrogens.
Danger. When a woman who has a normal body weight, the level of estrogen has the ability to change on different days of the cycle, then the woman with obesity keeps the overall level constantly high, as fat cells replenish it. This leads to various kinds of violations. For example, dysfunctional uterine bleeding or proliferation of the mucous membrane of the uterus (endometrium), because because of hormonal changes, it is not completely rejected. The probability of polycystic ovaries increases, because with the increased conversion of androgens to estrogens, the female sex glands begin to produce much more androgens in order to maintain balance. In addition, estrogens stimulate cell division and growth. Their excess can cause uncontrolled growth of tissue and the development of tumors in the reproductive system.
Tip: If you have, along with excess weight, there are changes in the menstrual cycle, excess body hair growth (hirsutism), contact a gynecologist or gynecologist-endocrinologist. Get an ultrasound and give a blood test for hormones. When preparing for the examination, one should follow the doctor's recommendations about the day of the menstrual cycle, in which it is necessary to donate blood. It is usually recommended to take: LH, FSH - on the 3-5th day of the cycle; Estradiol - on the 5th-7th or 21-23th day; progesterone - on the 21-23 day; prolactin, 17-OH-progesterone, DHA-sulfate, testosterone on the 7-9th day.
The doctor-endocrinologist
If you are overweight, then the endocrinologist is your primary physician. Excess weight is always associated with a metabolic disease - obesity, than directly and this specialist is engaged. The endocrine system and body weight are interrelated, dependent on each other and can exert mutual influence. So, some diseases of the thyroid gland (for example, hypothyroidism) can cause an increase in body weight, difficult to diet. And vice versa, long-term excess weight itself causes some hormonal changes, disrupts the thyroid gland, metabolism.
Danger. So, in the presence of excess weight, a complex metabolic disorder is often formed - insulin resistance, in which cells can not fully use insulin. As a result, the body is practically unable to process glucose. It accumulates in the blood. Against this background, there are changes in the pancreas, and diabetes is formed.
Tip: Once a year to any person, and in the presence of excess weight or burdened heredity - every six months you need to donate blood for sugar. If necessary, the doctor may additionally appoint a glucose tolerance test (determines the effectiveness of the insulin-releasing mechanism). In addition, the annual recommended to undergo ultrasound of the thyroid gland, a clinical and biochemical blood test. If the doctor suspects serious violations, he will appoint additional examinations.
Cardiologist
Fat is the tissues of the body, and just like muscles and bones, they need blood supply. During weight gain, to supply new tissues, more blood vessels and more blood are required. For every 0.5 kg of weight you gain, you need about 1.5 km of blood vessels. Think about the burden on the heart, if you gain 10.15 or 20 kg!
Danger. People with excess weight also have a higher level of "harmful" cholesterol in the blood, which is deposited on the walls of the arteries and narrows the blood flow to the heart. Your "motor" has to work harder, and it gets less power. This condition is called atherosclerosis. Over time, it can lead to the development of other cardiovascular diseases: coronary heart disease, hypertension, and also increase the risk of heart attack and stroke.
Tip: Keep an eye on the level of cholesterol in the blood. You can donate blood in a polyclinic at your place of residence, or in a paid laboratory. Delivery of blood is carried out on an empty stomach. On the eve of the diet, exclude foods in which the fat content is too high, do not make the last meal rich. Norms of cholesterol total -3,0-6,0 mmol / l. The recommended level is <5 mmol / l. The level of "harmful" cholesterol (LDL) -1,92-4,82 mmol / l and "useful" (HDL) - 0,7-2,28 mmol / l.
Orthopedic Physician
With a set of extra pounds, there is an additional load on the joints and begins to wear a tender cartilaginous tissue that provides mobility to the limbs. According to the results of the research, the average load on the joints during the standing is 80-100% of the body weight, while walking increases to 300%, and during fast walking and running - up to 350-500% of its own weight. That is, on the joints when walking and you have to load, which is 3-5 times the total body weight. And now try to imagine a person with a metabolic disease - obesity and weight of about 150 kg. With every step on the joints of his feet, the load drops to 400-700 kg! At a young age, the cartilaginous tissue of a person is still able to withstand high loads and pressure. But will the joints be able to carry such a load in the elderly, when the elasticity of the cartilage will decrease significantly?
Danger. Often, everything ends sadly - there is a complete destruction of the joint. In this case, the only way to put a person on their feet is to perform a prosthetic surgery. In addition, overweight and obesity lead to the development of diseases of the spine, provoking the development of osteochondrosis and intervertebral hernias.
Tip: Keep your weight under control. In the process of losing weight, do not increase sharply the load on the joints - this can only be worse. It is better to turn to a specialist, he will develop for you a complex of physical education. Try to ensure that the diet, despite the diet, was full, otherwise the joints will experience a deficiency of nutrients. The diet should include dairy products, fish, dishes with gelatin.
Test yourself
The concepts of an ideal figure for each of us differ and are tied to the aesthetic representations of each individual person. Therefore, doctors deduced the formula of a strict medical indicator - body mass index (BMI). To know it, divide your weight in kilograms by the height in meters, squared. The figure is the BMI. BMI = weight (kg) / height (m) 2 . BMI less than 18.5 - lack of weight. BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 is the norm. It is with this index is the maximum life expectancy. BMI from 25.0 to 27.0 - you are on the verge of overweight. BMI exceeds 30 - this indicates the presence of a metabolic disease - obesity.