Do not get lost in this situation!
Almost all young parents face such a problem as a food allergy in children, or, in a popular way, with diathesis. This disease is more likely to affect children from 0 to 3 years, because it is at this age that they begin to get acquainted with a wide range of food. The development of a child's allergic reaction can contribute to several factors.
1. Hereditary predisposition. And if this illness is both in the mother and in the father, the risk of its occurrence in crumbs doubles.
2. Mom's physical health: transferred infections during pregnancy (with antibiotics), exacerbation of chronic diseases, alcoholism and smoking. Fetal hypoxia and severe labor also increase the risk of allergies in the child.
3. Immaturity of the digestive system and features of immunological protection of the child's body. In infants due to imperfect processes of digestion, the absorption of food through the walls of the intestine is not complete. Penetrating through them, "food fragments" acquire the properties of allergens, launching the pathological process.
4. Use of highly allergenic products. And not only when preparing food for crumbs, but for the mother - during pregnancy and lactation.
5. Early transfer of the child to artificial, mixed feeding, early introduction of complementary foods and overeating.
Main features
Manifestations of food allergies in childhood are very diverse, they include:
Atopic dermatitis. The process in which dry or damp parts of the skin occur, an itchy rash; gneiss - the appearance on the parietal region of the head seborrheic crusts.
Perioral and perianal itching.
Hives (rashes on the skin of the baby) - blisters on different parts of the body.
Edema of the Quincke. Food intolerance to foods is rare, but it can provoke:
- cough;
- Rhinitis - inflammation of the nasal mucosa;
- rhinoconjunctivitis - inflammation of the nasal mucosa and eyes;
- bronchial asthma. Children with food allergies may be disturbed by violations of the gastrointestinal tract:
- regurgitation, flatulence, frequent watery stools;
- ulcerative defects on the mucous membrane of the lips and cheeks;
- a feeling of discomfort, itching, swelling of the lips, tongue, palate for several minutes after contact with the allergen;
- gastritis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the stomach and as a consequence - vomiting;
- Colitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon, often manifested by constipation.
"Harmful" products
The main food products can be divided into three groups: with high, medium and low ability to cause allergies. In any case, the products of the first group should be completely excluded from the child's diet. The second group - to exclude in severe and moderate severity of the disease (can only be left for children with mild allergy and when remission occurs). Re-acquaintance with the product-allergen can begin only after 8-10 months after the disappearance of the symptoms of the disease.
In children of the first year of life, cow milk is one of the main "provocateurs" that cause the development of food allergies in childhood, which is usually promoted by the early transfer of a child to mixed or artificial feeding using milk mixtures.How to feed the baby? you should definitely adjust the diet, namely: children with mildly expressed manifestations of food allergies, it is better to give milk mixes with partially a guide (they contain proteins, which in the process of fermented fermentation reduce allergenic activity.) In severe forms of the disease, it is recommended to prescribe medicinal mixtures based on the complete hydrolysis of milk protein.This mixtures are easily digested and do not require intensive digestive work tract, in addition, they are full of composition and suitable for continuous use.The only time complicating their use is a bitter taste and high ene. Another product that causes the development of food allergies is the chicken egg and the eggs of other birds. The allergenic properties of egg yolk are less pronounced, so the lure of healthy children begins with it. Often intolerance to egg protein is combined with intolerance to chicken and broth, so they are also excluded from the children's diet. Parents of babies who are allergic to egg white need to remember that many vaccines (although in small amounts) contain it, and they can cause the child to react actively. Therefore, these children should be vaccinated in immunological centers, and the remaining babies 2-3 days before vaccination it is desirable to take antihistamines as recommended by the doctor.
One of the most powerful food-allergens is fish. Proteins of fish that cause allergies are resistant to high temperatures and do not break down during food processing, in this connection, neither fried nor boiled fish can be tolerated by the children.
An allergic reaction may occur with the use of any type of fish, but more allergenic is considered marine. As in children with food allergies, and in healthy children, reactions to seafood - caviar, shrimp, crayfish, lobsters, oysters and other mollusks are possible. It has been established that the degree of sensitivity to fish and caviar, as compared with other products, does not decrease with age, but remains even in adults. Among the cereal crops, rye and wheat are the most allergenic, less often there are reactions to rice, oats, buckwheat. Cereals can be the cause of both true food allergies and celiac disease (a condition of constant inflammation of the intestine) caused by the inability to digest gluten. To substances that can provoke an exacerbation or even the development of food allergies are food additives - dyes, fragrances, preservatives, emulsifiers, sweeteners and the like. In the production of baby food, their use is prohibited.
All components that make up the canned food are natural, the only thing that can trigger an allergic reaction is to the product itself and to the thickener, which uses potato and rice starch, gum.
Some substances contained in natural products cause an aggravation of the allergic disease - ascorbic acid (in citrus and juice from them), beta-carotene (in yellow and red vegetables, fruits and berries), oxalic acid (in sorrel, tomatoes, rhubarb, spinach), salicylates (found in oranges, grapefruits, apricots, pineapples, tomato and soy sauces, almonds and tuna). All these substances should be excluded from the allergy menu. But, as a rule, after 2-3 years the child with increasing immunity undesirable manifestations on food become less and less likely to pass. Though it is necessary to consider, that at children of the senior age against a background of food allergy can be generated also household, and an allergy on pollen.
Prevention
The best prevention of food allergies in children is prolonged breastfeeding. But allergy manifestations can occur even in children receiving breast milk. In this case, the "culprit" of food intolerance is the nutrition of a woman who abused high-alimentary products. And the threat of the pathological process exists not only during breastfeeding, but also during pregnancy, since increased sensitivity to food proteins can develop in a child still in utero.
Dietary recommendations for toddlers
When breastfeeding a child with manifestations of food allergy, correction of the ration of the nursing mother is made. And the baby is given special milk formulas, if necessary, by a pediatrician.
The first lure of children with manifestations of food allergies injected 1 month later than healthy - from 7-8 months. It should be one-component vegetable purees (zucchini, cauliflower, broccoli) or dairy-free gluten-free cereals (buckwheat, corn, rice).
With the introduction of meat complementary foods, it is better to start with hypoallergenic rabbit, pork, turkey, horse meat, and beef and veal is better to be excluded.
Fruit lure is introduced after 10-12 months, taking into account individual tolerance. But it should always be hypoallergenic foods - green apples, pears, yellow plums. Whole milk can be tried to enter the diet only after a year, and dairy products - in 10-11 months.
Egg yolk is introduced after 1-1,5 years, and the whole egg after 2 years.
Fish is included in the child's diet only after 3 years. Do not try to diversify the baby's diet. Children with allergies are quite enough in the first year of life of one type of cereal and meat and 1-2 types of vegetables and fruits. Otherwise, the adaptation mechanisms of the body and the aggravation of the disease can occur.
It is useful to keep the food diary of a child, where daily it is necessary to make notes on all meals with a detailed list, the volume of products, the hours of feeding. There are also notes about the child's appetite, the nature of the stool and a skin reaction to a new product. Thanks to such a diary it is easy to calculate the allergen product. The most important link in the treatment and prevention of complications of food allergy in children of an older age is diet therapy. But in any case, the choice of necessary treatment and the appointment of a diet are very specific, and this should be handled by a pediatrician. And the parents of allergic babies,
Products of orange and red often cause allergy in the first place, you just need to strictly follow the general recommendations for feeding crumbs.
To reduce the amount of starch, which often causes allergy, cleaned and cut potatoes before cooking it is recommended to soak in cold water for 10-12 hours, with a periodic change of liquid.
For better cleaning of cereals from chemical compounds used to treat cereals when growing them, as well as transport dust and other particles, it is also recommended that the groats be soaked in water for several hours. Then it is better and faster digested.
To all babies up to 2-3 years, meat broths containing a large amount of extractive substances are not recommended. They adversely affect the metabolic processes and processes of digestion.
Bread (to reduce the level of allergenic yeast) is recommended to dry, you can also use bread 2-3 days ago.