Visual memory
Visual attention is vitally important for us, but it also turns out that we need to train. Long before school, the baby needs to develop voluntary attention, such as its volume, concentration, distribution and stability. Here are exercise games that develop in the child all the properties of visual attention, as well as concentration and observation.
• "Find the Differences" Choose the pictures, each of which shows two similar objects that differ in some way, ask the child to find all the differences between the pictures. "Find the same object" Suggest the kid, comparing several objects, find exactly the same as on the sample.
• "Find the Same Things" Having examined and compared several of the items depicted, you must find two completely identical ones.
• "Whose silhouette is it?"
Select the images on which the object is drawn and several silhouettes. One of them is the silhouette of the object, and the rest are controversial (similar to the subject) images. The kid must determine to which of the drawings this silhouette fits. The child explains the choice of the "object-silhouette" pair on the basis of the comparison of the outlines of the color and silhouette images, their identification.
• "How many items?"
Choose images with superimposed contours of objects (for example, cups, spoons, plates). Explain that only at first glance all the images seem to be confusion. But if you look closely, you can see the contours of several objects at once. In order not to be mistaken, what is depicted in the picture, ask the child to closely follow the outlines of each object (draw a finger along the contour lines). Then ask the kid to picture something like that.
• "Encoding"
Put before the child a leaf with a picture of various geometric figures (5-10 rows of 10 figures in a row). Task - to put in a certain figure the necessary icon. On the top of the sheet is given a sample: for example, in the circle - plus, in the square - minus, in the triangle - point. Record the time of the task.
• "Labyrinths"
On the basis of visual tracking of the moves, lines, suggest the child to find the right way out. For example: on which road to go to Little Red Riding Hood to get to the grandmother?
• "Confusion"
Ask the baby to untangle the lines, first without lifting the pencil or finger from the paper, and then - with the eyes. For example: who from what knick knits? Who is talking to whom on the phone?
• "Photographer"
Invite the child to view the story picture and remember all the details. Then remove the picture and start asking questions about it: "What characters are drawn? What are they wearing?"
• "Corrector"
Prepare a table with any signs - letters, figures, figures for 5-10 lines of 10 characters in each. Ask the child as soon as possible to find and delete in the text the letter (figure or figure) you named. Take care that he moves along the lines and does not miss any desired sign. Fix the child's performance (the time at which he looks through the lines, the number of errors), encourage him to progress.
• "Color the same"
Invite the child to paint the second half of the picture in the same way as the first one is colored. A similar task (performed on a sheet in a large cell) is to arrange the second half of the object along the cells in the same way as the first half is drawn.
• "Connect by points"
Suggest the kid to connect the smooth and clear lines of the point from 3 to 20 and see who painted the artist. This pattern is easy to draw on your own.
• "Do as I do!"
Stand in front of the baby and show various exercises with your hands, feet, etc. The task of the child is to repeat everything for you. You can change the tempo by periodically accelerating or slowing down the movements.
• "Prohibited Movement"
You are the leader and show the kid a movement that can not be repeated. Then you perform different gestures, which copy copies. If the child repeats the "forbidden" movement, a penalty point is charged. Then switch roles.
• "Hide and Seek"
Choose pictures with "hidden" items, numbers, letters, signs. For example, ask the kid to find all the digits 2 in the image of the fox.
"Points"
Draw 8 squares of 4x4 squares. In any cells of the first square, put two points, in the second - three, in the third - four, etc. The task of the kid - according to your sample, dot the empty squares.
• "Draw"
Invite the child to draw 10 triangles in a row. It is necessary to shade the triangles №№ 3, 7 and 9 with a blue pencil; green - No. 2 and No. 5; yellow - No. 4 and No. 8; red - the first and last.
Aurally
Most of the information about the world around him, which the preschooler owns, he learns by ear. In primary school, more than 70% of the total study time is spent on purposefully listening to the teacher's explanations. Therefore, try to develop the ability of the baby to independently, without distraction, to keep attention to important information. Active listening develops when reading aloud fiction, visiting children's performances. Auditory attention develops in the teaching of the child to reading and writing, the formation of a sound culture of speech (the distinct pronunciation of sounds, words, phrases, a clear speech rate, its loudness, expressiveness). Gaming exercises will help develop a baby's ability to focus on sound, auditory attention, the speed of its distribution and switching.
• "The Big Ear"
In this game you can play everywhere. Invite the child to stop, close his eyes and listen. What sounds does he hear? What sounds further and which are closer? Find a quiet place, suggest listening to the silence. What does it violate? Is there complete silence?
• "What's the sound?"
Prepare paper, foil, cups with water and without, pencil. You can also use the items in the room: a door, furniture, utensils. Ask the child to close their eyes and listen. Make different sounds: rustle with paper, tap with a pencil, pour water from a glass into a glass, open the cabinet door, rearrange the chair. The kid must guess what you are doing and with what objects. Then switch roles.
• "Sound recording"
The game is similar to the previous one, the child has to learn different sounds while listening to the audio cassette: the doorbell, the car's whistle, the tap water, the creaking of the door, the rustling of the curtain, the voices of relatives, friends, cartoon characters.
• "Sound puzzles"
Prepare a set of sounding toys: a tambourine, a bell, an accordion, a drum, a metal telephone. two wooden spoons, a piano, a rattle, a rubber toy with a snack. Show them to the baby, and then stand behind the screen or behind the open sash of the cabinet and take out sounds in turn. Then switch roles.
• "Rhythm"
Take a wooden stick and tap a few simple rhythms in turn. The task of the baby is to reproduce them.
• "Listen to the claps"
The child moves around the room. When you clap your hands once, he should stop and take the "stork" pose (stand on one leg, hands to the sides): two cotton - a "frog" pose (sit down, heels together, socks and knees to the sides, hands between feet of feet on the floor), three claps - jump like a horse.
• "Catch the word"
You call different words, and the kid should not miss ("catch") a certain word, for example, the word "wind." The child listens attentively and claps his hands (or squats, jumps) if he hears this word. " two words.
• "Similar words"
Prepare cards with an image of seemingly sounding words, for example: a lion-forest; dot-daughter; goat-braid; grass-firewood; spoon-cat: mustache-wasps; cancer-poppy-rose-rose. Suggest the kid to pick up a pair of pictures, which depict different objects, but the words that call them sound like.