Omphalitis is an inflammation of the navel. Usually, the umbilical wound heals by the 14th day, but sometimes it can become inflamed and even fester. The skin around it becomes swollen, red, and from the navel appears a purulent discharge. The child becomes restless, the body temperature rises. Especially dangerous if the inflammation passes to the umbilical vessels, which become painful and palpable in the form of dense bundles under the skin. This process is dangerous because it can lead to umbilical vein thrombosis, sepsis, phlegmon of the anterior abdominal wall, peritonitis. It is necessary to monitor the umbilical wound every day, treat it with a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide, remove the crusts formed in it with a sterile cotton swab, and lubricate it with a 5% solution of potassium permanganate.
If the navel inflammation still arose, then, continuing to treat it in the same way as described above, you should add dressings moistened with 10% sodium chloride solution, and alternate them with bandages with Vishnevsky ointment. If the general condition of the child causes anxiety, then you should consult a doctor.
Vesiculopustulosis is a single or multiple vesicles filled with a clear or purulent fluid, located on a reddened base, indicating an inflammatory process. Usually they appear on the inner surfaces of the limbs, on the trunk, in the folds of the skin.
Most often they occur on the 1-3th day after childbirth, and very rarely can be observed immediately after birth. Vesiculopustulosis should be distinguished from melanosis, in which the vesicles without a reddened base are filled with a clear liquid and do not have a clear localization (that is, they can be everywhere).
Melanosis is an allergic reaction, it is not known what is appearing and does not require treatment, in contrast to true vesiculopustule. When vesiculopustulosis occurs, the vesicles are treated with a 70% solution of ethyl alcohol followed by greening. Vesiculopustulosis occurs most often in children whose mothers are infected with staphylococcus, it can be a precursor of sepsis. Therefore, it is best to combine local treatment with antibiotic therapy.
Pemphigus is an acute disease in which blisters with cloudy contents form on the skin. Most often they are formed on the chest, abdomen, the inner surfaces of the limbs. Unlike syphilitic pemphigus, in this case, the vesicles never appear on the surface of the palms and feet. Vesicles easily burst, leaving an eroded surface. Treatment is best performed in the hospital, since this disease requires the use of antibiotics. The bubbles themselves are removed, and the eroded surface is treated with a 5% solution of potassium permanganate.
Phlegmon newborns - purulent inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue with its melting and necrosis of the skin. In connection with the abundant blood supply to the newborn's skin, the disease spreads very quickly. The child becomes restless, regurgitates, his body temperature rises, redness spreads quickly over the skin surface. The disease is very serious, so this child must immediately be hospitalized in the surgical department of the children's hospital.
Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye. It happens catarrhal and purulent. Eyes, or rather, their mucous membrane edematous, there is a pronounced reddening and a discharge of pus that accumulates in the corners of the eye and on the eyelashes. For the treatment, eye rinsing from the pipette or syringe is used with a weak solution of manganese, followed by instillation of albucid (sulfacyl sodium) or levomycetin droplets.
Meningitis of newborns - most often occurs as a complication of the above diseases, if the latter are not treated at all or the treatment is not effective enough, especially if the child had a lesion of the central nervous system (asphyxia) at birth. Occurs at the end of the 1st week of life or a little later. The child becomes sluggish, refuses the breast, regurgitates. Lethargy can be replaced by anxiety, and regurgitation - vomiting. The body temperature rises, pallor, convulsions appear. The child takes a characteristic posture - a head thrown back, straightened limbs. There is a bulging of a large fontanel. The sooner hospitalization of such a child in a hospital, the more likely he is to survive and stay healthy, not an invalid.
Sepsis of newborns. Develops in weakened newborns: preterm, born with a small body weight, after asphyxia, birth trauma. This is due to a decrease in immunity and a weakening of the protective mechanisms of the child's body. Bacteria begin to multiply rapidly. The toxins released from the bacterium cause poisoning of the organism - toxemia. There are 2 forms of sepsis: septicopyemia and septicemia.
With septicopyemia, the body has primary (omphalitis, vesiculopustulosis) and secondary (abscesses, pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis) foci of infection. It is accompanied by intoxication, anemia, hypotrophy. The child is noted for lethargy, regurgitation, vomiting, diarrhea, refusal of food, fever, pale skin. Rapid breathing appears. The abdomen is swollen, the stool is broken, intestinal obstruction may join.
With septicemia, general intoxication, cardiac impairment, metabolic processes are expressed. The course of this form is rapid, and a child is more likely to die than with septicopaemia.
Treatment of such patients should be started as soon as possible - and not carried out at home, but in the hospital.