- Immunity decreases. It would seem that in the cold season, when a child literally at every step lies in wait for viruses, its protective system, which you in all available ways strengthened in the summer, should meet the causative agents of respiratory infections fully armed. However, as the winter approaches, the baby's blood decreases the content of protective proteins - immunoglobulins A and M. The first is guarding the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, preventing the invasion of viruses, and the second keeps the defense inside the child's body. Little of! Pediatricians found that by November, the activity of two very important for the immune system enzymes - succinate dehydrogenase and alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase. The effectiveness of lymphocytes depends on them - the main defenders of the child's body. And if he was 4-5 years old, the seasonal weakening of immunity is superimposed on such an important event as the change in the leukocyte formula of children's blood. This is an additional risk factor for respiratory infections!
- Comparing blood tests of crumbs with those done a year or two ago, one can see that he has increased the number of neutrophils that provide the initial protection against bacterial infection and decreased the content of lymphocytes - specific immune cells that destroy viruses and other foreign particles in direct contact , and also with the help of antibodies. Now the ratio of white blood cells in a child becomes, as in an adult, and it reacts to infection from now on as large. This is a very important moment - doctors call it a critical period of development of immunity. Protect your baby from anything that could damage your immune system! Your actions. Make sure that the child sleeps more. Many children reluctantly go to bed in the afternoon. Meanwhile, daytime sleep is very important not only for the nervous, but also for the protective system: lack of sleep weakens it and leads to frequent colds.
- Increase immunity with proper nutrition. To build protective antibodies to the child's body requires proteins, so the child must eat meat and fish. Veal and rabbit are especially useful.
- Drink crumb freshly squeezed juices - orange (if there is no allergy), apple (you can add to it 4-5 tablespoons of carrot), pomegranate, as well as fruit drinks from cranberries and cowberries. They contain "living" vitamins and trace elements, necessary for the functioning of the immune system.
• Every day do so-called percussion ("percussion" in Latin - "striking") massage thymus gland. It produces protective cells - lymphocytes - and is located behind the upper part of the sternum. Lightly tap the baby on this place with the tips of four fingers folded (except the large one) 15-20 times.
• Limit contact of the kid with strangers so that the child does not catch any infection from them.
• Be sure to vaccinate against flu.
Little light. A short light day contributes to the development of autumn depression. Mummies are convinced that this is a disease of adults, it can not have a crumb! Seasonal spleen visits even infants, and in young children, a bad mood is immediately somatized, that is, disrupts the work of internal organs and systems. This leads to a decrease in immunity, a deterioration in appetite, the development of gastritis, allergies and other diseases. That's why parents need to be very careful about the mental state of the child, because signs of mild depression are found at this time of the year for every third or fourth child!
- There is not enough fresh air. In bad weather, I do not want to go out. We try to walk less with the child when it becomes cold: instead of two or three times we deduce it for a walk only one, and then only for half an hour. This is not true: not only in autumn, but also in winter, the child should spend 2-3 hours a day outdoors. At the very least - an hour, if the weather has completely deteriorated. Long walks temper children, increase resistance to respiratory infections, have a beneficial effect on the nervous system. In the room, "greenhouse" children, protected from the slightest draft, there is a higher risk of anemia, lagging behind in physical development, sleep and appetite disorders, and their cheeks are pale, and the eyes are sad, and the mood is not up to the mark. A thousand times right was the pediatrician Alexander Andreevich Kissel, who declared to his parents: "A day without a walk is a lost day!" And even "A room is a prison for a child!" A child needs a walk not only for the sake of fresh air, but also for the knowledge of the world around him, new impressions that physicians figuratively call vitamins for the soul.
- Developing children's psyche, they are doubly necessary! A walk through the park can turn into a fascinating lesson of natural history, which the kid will never forget. Collect a herbarium from the leaves that have fallen around. Show a pond with dots and explain that in fact these are migratory birds: they usually go to the south, but city ducks now often stay at home, because they are fed up here. Council. Correctly wear your baby for a walk so that it does not freeze and at the same time does not overheat. The main requirement - more detachable fragments and combining parts. For example, it would be nice to have a jacket with a vest in a children's wardrobe: if it's warm enough, the jacket is removed, it gets colder - they put it on again. By the way there will be a detachable hood and / or a warm collar: remove it, and there remains a small stool around the baby neck. Baby toddles also have detachable edges. If the headdress is worn without them, it turns out something like a baseball cap, and if you fasten the missing part, a warm helmet appears, covering the ears and neck. Lightweight mittens, warm socks and scarf should be at your fingertips. Put them on the baby if a cold and damp wind has struck, it started to rain, the temperature dropped below 10 ° C.
By the way, Estonian grandmothers knit miniature gloves for small grandsons, in which the tips of the fingers (except the large ones) remain open - it is very convenient when you want to pick up a beautiful maple leaf, a toy or a spatula taken from the house. But these gloves with a secret: on the back side to each of them a special cheholchik is tied, which stretches over four children's fingers like a mitten, if suddenly it gets colder. After all, the weather on the Baltic seaside is very changeable, and such precaution is very useful! Take a good look at the baby so as not to miss the signs of hypothermia. Touch the tip of the nozzle - cold? The child is bored and tired? So, we must dress him warmly and hurry home.
The Kid grew out of his boots
Often happens this way: in the spring they bought a boot for crumbs to grow, with a margin, but the leg grows very quickly, and the shoes became cramped by the fall, and Mom did not notice! Hence the fairly common at this time of the year children's problem - deformed by a tight shoe of nails can grow into surrounding tissues. Council. Make sure that the boots and boots are small in size. Buy only high-quality children's shoes (preferably not Chinese and not Korean - for eastern kids the foot has slightly different proportions).
• Cut the marigolds correctly - in a semicircle, not exactly in a straight line. Otherwise, sharp corners, worn by the top of the shoe, will cut into the finger and cause inflammation, especially if the baby stumbles.
• Carefully inspect the fingers of the crumbs. Some children inherently get nails irregular shape - their edges bend down, injuring the skin. If this is so, show the crumbs to a pediatric orthopedist or surgeon! A regular check is also necessary for the classical form of the marigold. It often happens like this: yesterday everything was in order, but today a broken or damaged nail "went" the wrong way.
• Does a toddler complain about a sore thumb? The edge of the nail rests against the reddened skin? First of all, unzip the leg - make a crumb a warm bath with chamomile infusion or pale pink solution of potassium permanganate, and then treat the reddened place with greenery.
• Now grasp the manicure scissors (straight, not rounded). Carefully cut the abutting fingernail on the skin along the entire length, rounding off the sides. If yesterday everything was still fine, it means that he had not yet managed to really grow.
• In the coming days, continue to examine the finger and take care of the nails. And at the same time make an audit of children's shoes - suddenly some pair became small, worn out, deformed or uncomfortable to the baby. Too much medicine. Experts of the European Bureau of the World Health Organization sound alarm. Analyzing information coming to them from different countries, they noticed that with the onset of the cold season, babies start to get much more medicines than in the summer, and not always their reception is justified by the doctor's recommendation and is beneficial! WHO calls on parents to refrain from antibiotics and sulfonamides in colds and colds in a child, febrifuge at a temperature below 38 ° C, but-spines and analgesics for abdominal pain. Experts against the fact that moms improve their children's appetite and soothe babies with medications, they themselves chose their remedies for vomiting and diarrhea, abused vasoconstrictive drops in the nose such as halazolin, uncontrolledly used interferon and other immune drugs for respiratory infections. Council. Try to relieve the condition of the baby without pills, for example with the help of acupressure.
• If the baby has a headache, press the index finger or a cotton swab at the point in the outer corner of the nail of the index finger.