With the constant supply and removal of water, our body ensures the permanence of its internal environment. The presence of water is also a prerequisite for the flow of all physiological reactions in the body. The level of water exchange depends on the efficiency and general health. Both excess and lack of water can be the main cause of disruption of various functions, up to the development of chronic diseases.
Water is one of the most important components of the body, acting as a good solvent of nutrients, a medium for the flow of chemical reactions and a direct participant in various transformations of other compounds. The effect of water exchange is particularly noticeable for such physiological functions as digestion, absorption in the intestinal tract of cleavage products, and elimination of the final products of metabolism.
The state of health of a person during hot summer days is also largely determined by the intensity of water exchange. Due to the increased evaporation of it from the surface of the skin or mucous membranes of the respiratory tract, a reliable mechanism for maintaining a constant body temperature is provided. The fact is that water has a fairly high specific heat, so when it evaporates our body loses a significant amount of heat. This physiological mechanism contributes to the improvement of the person's well-being in conditions of high temperature of the surrounding air.
In the body of an adult healthy person, water is approximately 65-70% of body weight. At the same time, physiologically active organs contain much more water than other tissues. For good health, a person needs to consume about 35-40 grams of water per day per kilogram of body weight per day, that is, about 2 to 2.5 liters per day. However, this does not mean that this figure should be provided only at the expense of drinking water - this includes water in the soup, drinks, as well as the moisture contained in any food. The exchange of water in the body is also regulated by the formation of moisture during the cleavage of certain substances (eg, fats) inside the cell.
The state of health of a person depends very much on the effect of changes in the exchange of water in the body. If we can manage without food for several weeks, then without water our body will survive only a few days. When water loss in the amount of 2% of the body weight, a person develops thirst. But with more significant violations of water exchange, the person's well-being deteriorates significantly. Thus, with loss of water in the amount of 6 - 8% of body weight, semi-fainting conditions occur, with 10% hallucination, and if the loss exceeds 12%, a fatal outcome may already occur.
The effect of lack of water in the body on the state of health is due to the delay of slag substances, which in turn leads to a change in the osmotic pressure of the blood.
Excess water also worsens the person's well-being, since in this case, heart work becomes more difficult, the deposition of fats in the subcutaneous fat increases, and sweating is excessively increased.
Thus, with the observance of a healthy lifestyle and the principles of rational nutrition, the regulation of the exchange of water is not the least important in influencing the health of the human body.