About internal bleeding speaks a number of signs and symptoms, in the case of which it is necessary to take timely measures. How to help a child with bleeding, find out in the article on "Types of bleeding, first aid for bleeding."
Types of bleeding
- Arterial bleeding: loss of blood due to rupture of the wall of one or more arteries. The blood is bright red, comes out periodically with jerks in time with heart contractions. Lift up the injury site and apply a tight bandage. If the blood continues to go, pull the body above the wound with an elastic bandage until the bleeding ceases. If the patient's delivery to the medical institution takes more than an hour, this improvised tourniquet should be weakened to restore blood circulation, and then re-tighten.
- Venous bleeding: loss of blood from the vein. The blood is darker, flowing in a continuous stream, sometimes very abundantly (especially if a large vein is damaged). Apply a tight bandage; if the limb is damaged, if possible, raise it to the level of the heart, without removing the bandage. If the dressing is impregnated with blood, change it.
- Capillary bleeding: loss of blood from the capillaries. The blood is the same color as the venous blood, since the capillaries contain both arterial and venous blood. The blood flows slowly. Typically, such bleeding occurs with superficial wounds, they are easy to stop.
- Internal bleeding. Their symptoms: chills, pallor, sweating, frequent short breathing, fast but weak pulse, anxiety. With internal bleeding, even loss of consciousness is possible. In this case, lay the victim on his back, lift his legs and bend them in the lap. Check breathing and pulse, cover the patient with a blanket. Do not offer him a drink. Urgently take him to the hospital.
First aid for bleeding:
1. Put a clean handkerchief or cloth on the wound, push it hard with the palm of your hand. If there is no tissue at hand, try to cover the wound with your fingers and palm.
2. Applying pressure directly to the wound, tightly press a tissue or cloth to it and bandage the wound with a bandage (you can replace it with a dish towel or tie).
3. Raise the affected part of the body - provided that there are no fractures.
Bleeding from the nose:
Sit the child over a bucket or other container, asking him to lower his head. The child should breathe with his mouth and do not swallow blood. Firmly tighten the nose for a few minutes. If the bleeding does not stop, repeat again. If the bleeding does not stop, gently enter the rolled gauze (moistened with hydrogen peroxide or another substance that narrows the blood vessels) into the nostril, from which the blood flows. Press ice onto the bleeding nostril or neck (side or back). If the bleeding lasts more than 30 minutes, take the child to the nearest medical facility. There are a lot of blood vessels in the nose, including small arterioles, which bleed easily. Bleeding from the nose often happens in winter, when the heating dries out the nasal mucosa, on it crusts are formed, which the child tears, picking at the nose and blowing his nose. Sometimes bleeding from the nose indicates serious problems - for example, with coagulability of the blood.
4. Have the child lie down.
5. Call a doctor or an ambulance.
6. Warm the child, cover it with a sheet or blanket, put something underneath,
If it lies on a cold or damp surface.
7. If the child is conscious and can drink, offer him some tea or water. If he is unconscious and bleeding in the abdominal cavity, you can not give him liquid.
8. If you can not stop the bleeding due to injuries, fractures or lacerations of the limb, apply a tourniquet.
9. As a bundle, you can use any wide fabric tape. Never use wire, laces or other similar materials. Apply a tourniquet to the upper part of the limb above the wound. Tie a knot by sticking a short stick into it, make another knot, and then rotate the stick until the fabric is so tight that the bleeding stops.
10. If relief is delayed, the tourniquet should be loosened every 20 minutes. If the bleeding has stopped, do not tighten the tourniquet, but be prepared to apply it again if bleeding resumes. On the way to the hospital, watch the tourniquet constantly. Now we know what kinds of bleeding exist, first aid for bleeding.