First, let's look at the problems that arise in this period, because enrollment in school is a new period in the life of each child, often a turning point, for the reason that it carries with it tests of the child's adaptive capabilities.
By adaptive capabilities we mean the ability to adapt, the child's potential for learning and communication, the totality of factors of his readiness. A new collective, a new style of behavior, new conditions and rules, occupations and a regime in which a child's organism mobilizes a system of adaptive reactions. The problem of adaptation to the school now is very acute, as every year there is an increasingly lower rate of adaptation.
It is influenced by such factors as biological (traumatic effect of microenvironment, hereditary mental potential, child's health), social, psychological (personal) and others. Note that we also consider the personal factor, because many people think that a small child is not a person yet, and this is not so, because by the age of 6 the personality of the child has already been formed, during the next time it can change a little, improve. Most of his character traits the child adopts from his parents, so you can give him a good example, give the child the opportunity to communicate.
To be able to adapt in society, among new groups, a child can, having learned earlier to communicate in different social groups: in kindergarten, with his friends, neighbors, boys and girls, the circle he walks on. Provide the child with more opportunities to communicate, orient their abilities not only to themselves, but also to others, to learn the norms of behavior, to make new acquaintances and to behave among them. If he has many friends and acquaintances, it will be easy for him to communicate with classmates, and problems with the team should not arise, as well as fears about this.
I propose to consider some typing and classification of psychological readiness for school, developed by psychologists. It can be divided into such as personal, strong-willed, socially-psychological, intellectual, speech, physical. Personal readiness is the readiness of the child to accept a new social role, and it is expressed in relation to the child to teachers, schoolchildren. It is also important to consider his attitude to himself, his parents.
Volitional willingness is also called motivational, it assumes a certain level of development of the emotional sphere of the child. The child should want to go to school, and for this, parents should in every possible way set up the child, provide him with all the important information, prepare him emotionally. A child must have a desire. If you do not observe it in it, then its motivation for school can be developed in game ways, prepare it for the school yourself, presenting it with some of its superficial differences. A child should be able to set a goal and achieve it, wish for something and be able to develop some plans for achieving his goal. You can motivate the child to achieve them, giving rewards for successes, for example, for learning a new table, success in reading or erudition. Explain to the child the importance of the school, show its good sides, cause in the child a thirst for new discoveries that will bring him a lot of fascinating and useful.
Socio-psychological (communication) readiness can be developed, allowing the child to communicate a lot with peers, teachers. This is his ability to behave, and speak. Here, the verbal factor is also important: correct pronunciation, ability to talk, ask questions and answer them. Train the child by retelling of fairy tales or individual texts, then ask to make any questions from this text and give them the answer yourself, then ask questions yourself.
Intellectual readiness is the minimum level that a child must reach before the school. Therefore, you should spend as much time as possible with him, teach him to speak, read, count, analyze, tell him interesting facts, develop his abilities, including creative ones. You can give the child to dance for special preschool groups, teach him the music. A very useful technique will be to teach the child to draw, as well as motivate him to do so. Even if your child does not have any special inclinations to drawing, and he will not become a great artist, drawing with colors is an acting psychological technique, also called art therapy. A child can express himself and his feelings, and relax and learn about his abilities by drawing.
Physical fitness expresses the proportional development of the child - growth, physique, general physical development, child health. In order for the child to have good health, take care of his nutrition, activity - he needs a lot to move, walk in the fresh air, teach him also the morning exercises, it will only benefit him.
Despite the fact that the current problems of psychological preparedness of preschool children for school are a common thing that many parents are afraid of, the child can be fully prepared for a new stage of life. Collaborate with psychologists and the child, take care of him and his development in all areas, help him, support, give love and attention, then your child will be well developed and ready for a new stage in his life.