Types of skin - a condition of the skin, depending on its physiological state.
The type of skin is not easy to determine at a glance. Of course, the basic structure of the skin in all people is the same.
But the sebaceous glands differently secrete sebum, and on different sites of the face they show different activity.
In addition, the skin has a hereditary ability to retain and lose moisture. With age, the type of skin changes. But with proper hygienic care, the skin can be kept in good condition for a long time.
Today, experts identify the following skin types:
■ normal;
■ oily moisturized;
■ fatty dehydrated;
■ Sebostatic dehydrated; in sebostatic moistened;
■ Atrophied.
From the names it is clear that any skin is first evaluated by the content of fat, and then by the moisture content. Since not all are accustomed to new names, we will use the traditional division of skin types into normal, dry, fatty and combination.
Each type of skin requires appropriate care. With dysfunction of secretion of the sebaceous and sweat glands, there is a clinical picture of seborrhea, which is manifested by excessively oily or excessively dry skin.
The weakening of the functions of the sebaceous and sweat glands is the cause of dryness. This disease is called sebostasis.
Seborrhea and seborrhea are extreme cases of the state of the water-fat shell.
Most cosmetic care products are designed for a certain type of skin: dry skin requires moisturizing and restoring the hydrolyside film, and with oily skin, on the contrary, it is necessary to remove excess sebum and moisturize.
There are also skin phototypes (synonym: types of skin pigmentation) - the color and characteristics of the skin, depending on the degree of pigmentation. There are seven skin phototypes.
Depending on the skin phototype, sunscreens (UV filters) with a different number of sunscreen factor SPF are used for sun protection.
Type 0 - depigmented skin in albinos. Their skin is white, sometimes with a pinkish tint: in the eyelashes, eyebrows, armpits, pubic hair is also white, thin. In albinos, photophobia, so the sunscreen factor SPF is the most.
Type 1 - light, freckled, usually in redheads or blondes. Typical for Anglo-Saxons. Never tans, instantly burns. Requires funds with the maximum SPF when staying in the sun.
Type 2 - ordinary skin of the average European with blond hair, skin color is pale, tans badly, easily burns; SPF from 20, with accustoming - 15.
Type 3 - Northern European type with dark blond hair, skin of neutral color, well tans, rarely burns; SPF 20-10.
Type 4 - Mediterranean type with dark blond hair, olive-colored skin, easily tans and only occasionally burns; SPF 15-8.
Type 5 - Arab type with dark eyes and hair, olive skin, burns extremely rarely; SPF 6-8
Type 6 - African-Caribbean type: eyes, hair and skin are dark, skin of this type never burns; SPF 3-4.
Normal Skin
Normal skin is a skin in which the water-fat layer is not broken, its chemical reaction is acidic, and all substances in it are in a proportionate, well-balanced ratio. Normal skin, as a rule, happens in young, healthy people.
Normal skin has a normal sebum, elasticity, beautiful natural shine. It is elastic, smooth, it has no wrinkles and dilated pores. To the touch, this skin is velvety-silky. She well tolerates washing with water and unfavorable weather - wind, frost, heat.
Normal skin consists of 60% water, 30% protein and 10% fat. All substances in it are in a proportionate, well-balanced ratio. For horses of this type, procedures are necessary to maintain its condition: cleansing, moisturizing, protection from UV radiation.
Dry skin
Skin, in which the function of the sebaceous and sweat glands is lowered.
Externally, dry skin is thin, matte, easily folds into wrinkles, often flakes, poorly tolerates washing with water and bad weather. It violated the water-fat metabolism. The chemical reaction of the skin surface is often only slightly acidic.
Dry skin in youth is very beautiful. However, without proper care and nutrition, it wrinkles, becomes covered with scales, blushes with irritation, and with age it becomes covered with wrinkles.
Healthy skin perfectly copes with moisture on its own and in dry air, and at low or high ambient temperatures, and when exposed to corrosive chemicals, etc. To retain moisture, the skin emits special substances that are collectively called "natural moisturizing factor ".
The dryness of the skin is affected by both internal causes - old age, nervous system disorders, fading of the sexual glands, poor nutrition, heart failure - and external, such as frequent use of alkaline soap, alcohol, cologne, exposure to dry hot air.
Oily skin
Oily skin - the skin, which has increased functions of the sebaceous glands. Oily skin occurs in young men and girls during puberty, as well as in obese people. On a kind the fat skin thick, dense, with fat shine, has the big pores, often comedones, reminds a lemon crust.
The fat content of the skin depends on the age (during adolescence, it is more oily, in the elderly it is more drier), from the hormonal status and the presence of internal diseases, from external conditions (exposure to sun, wind, salt water, eating large amounts of fat, carbohydrates, alcohol, spices). In addition, the skin may become oily due to improper care.
Skin fat skinned beauticians are treated as a disease, which is called seborrhea.
Seborrhea is a disease of the entire body, not just the skin. Sebaceous glands secrete a lot of cutaneous fat of abnormal chemical composition. The activity of the sebaceous glands is controlled by the central nervous system.
To provoke seborrhea can be a strong stressful situation, such, for example, as hormonal restructuring, associated with puberty. That's why teenagers are especially vulnerable.
Dermatologists distinguish two clinical forms of seborrhea - oily and dry. With oily seborrhea, the skin is very shiny and looks like an orange peel, only very unaesthetic and rough, with enlarged, literally gaping pores. As a result of the attachment of the microbial flora, the sebaceous glands become inflamed and youthful acne appears.
With dry seborrhea, the skin remains oily, but it looks dry and flaky. Skin fat in this case is thick and dense, in addition, it is mixed with horny scales, so the skin does not shine.
On the way from the basal layer of the epidermis the healthy cell gradually loses the nucleus, is filled with protein with keratin, then it becomes completely flat. With dry seborrhea, the cell reaches the stratum corneum too quickly, together with the nucleus and plasma. In this case, normal processes of keratinization and removal of cells from the surface of the stratum corneum are broken: the cell "adheres" to it the skin fat, and, moreover, constantly there are more and more new cells that also "stick".
The entire mechanism of normal metabolism in the epidermis breaks down. It does not involve amino acids, urea, lipids, minerals, trace elements and other essential substances, for example, deoxyribonucleic (DNA) and ribonucleic (RNA) acids. The skin becomes completely defenseless.
Skin fat is thick and contains little moisture. The skin is in constant tension and itches. It is only necessary to touch the face, as flakes immediately exfoliate, accumulate on the bridge of the nose, in nasolabial folds and corners of the mouth, get stuck in the eyebrows and whiskers. Additional discomfort is created by small, but very dense and deeply seated in the output ducts of sebaceous glands, comedones.
Often, seborrhea swiftly passes from oily to dry and back. Sometimes both seborrhea exist simultaneously, for example, on the scalp - oily seborrhea (hair glisten and stick together), and on the skin of the face - dry, or vice versa.
Combined skin
Combined skin (synonym: mixed skin) is a skin type characterized by the presence of both fatty and dry areas, the T-zone of the face, the top of the chest are usually covered with oily skin, the remaining areas are dry, perhaps even peeling.
Mixed skin requires a strictly special double care, separate for each site. Practically this is a normal skin with unevenly distributed areas of greasiness.
For example, the facial skin is normal, but it is dry in the eyes, and oily in the wings of the nose.