Diabetes mellitus: symptoms and treatment

Diabetes mellitus or in Latin diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease that arises from the lack of an insulin hormone in the body. This hormone is produced by the pancreas and is responsible for the normalization of the level of glucose or, as they say, sugar in the blood, as well as for the delivery of sugar to the cells of our body. Without enough of this hormone, glucose entering the human body with food remains in the blood and does not reach the cells - the main point of its destination. The theme of our today's article: "Diabetes mellitus: symptoms and treatment."

This disease affects equally the entire population of the planet, regardless of place of residence or age. Scientists have proved that not only man, but also some animals can suffer from diabetes.

Today, on the scale of the spread and the level of mortality, diabetes mellitus can be put on a par with the pathologies of the cardiovascular system and oncological diseases. Scientists are continuing active research into the development of more effective treatments for diabetes than those that are used today. Diabetes mellitus is considered a very serious disease, which has a significant effect on the entire body, as well as on the lifestyle of the patient. A patient with diabetes mellitus is forced to observe a variety of conditions in order not to allow deterioration of his condition.

Diabetes is classified according to various signs. Separate insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2 diabetes, respectively), diabetes mellitus, associated with various third-party diseases and diabetes associated with malnutrition. In a separate group, diabetes mellitus is given in pregnant women. In addition, diabetes is divided by the severity of the course of the disease.

In patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, fast fatigue, weakness and loss of strength are noted. This is due to the fact that cells of the human body receive less sugar, for the assimilation of which the hormone insulin meets. As a result of malnutrition of cells, energy hunger occurs.

The first type of diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent) affects mostly young people. As a rule, transferred by a person, a viral infection causes the death of a significant number of pancreatic cells, which becomes the cause of diabetes. Also, damage to the pancreas can occur due to a weakened immune system. With diabetes of the first type, the patient's body practically ceases to produce insulin on its own.

The second type of diabetes mellitus or non-insulin-dependent diabetes affects mainly the older generation. In this type of diabetes, the body does not lose the ability to produce insulin, but rather, on the contrary, produces it in excess. But nevertheless, the body cells still do not get the required amount of sugar. This is due to the fact that cells lose sensitivity to this hormone and are unable to perceive it. Diabetes of this type is considered a hereditary disease and is often found in people with excessive body weight.

Below are some of the signs that may indicate diabetes mellitus:

- a constant feeling of thirst;

- frequent urination;

- a significant increase in the amount of urine.

With type 1 diabetes, there is a sharp decrease in body weight, which can reach 10-15 kg. per month. There is also general weakness and fatigue. An obvious bell for a healthy person should be the appearance of the smell of acetone from the mouth.

In patients with diabetes mellitus, too long a course of infectious diseases and a long healing of even minor wounds. Also, indirect signs of diabetes can be considered frequent dizziness, blurred vision, swelling and cramps in the legs.

Diabetes mellitus type 1 develops very quickly and untimely recourse for help with this disease is very dangerous.

With type 2 diabetes, almost all the same symptoms are noted as in type 1 diabetes. The only difference is that this disease develops much more slowly.

In recent years, treatment has been carried out by injecting insulin hormone in the case of type 1 diabetes and taking hypoglycemic drugs for people with type 2 diabetes. However, with prolonged use of insulin, the body begins to produce antibodies, which gradually reduces the effectiveness of its action.

The main difficulty of this method of treatment is that there are many factors that need to be considered when selecting the type of drug to be prescribed and its dosage. An overdose of insulin-containing drugs is very dangerous and can lead to hypoglycemic coma. Selection of methods of treatment and used drugs should be carried out individually for each patient, taking into account his medical history, concomitant diseases and individual reaction of the body to drugs.

The patient himself can greatly assist doctors in the treatment of the disease. When diabetes is simply necessary to strictly adhere to the diet. As a rule, products containing a large number of simple carbohydrates are excluded from the patient's diet. The basis of nutrition is raw vegetable food, dairy products. It is also allowed to eat foods from whole grains, nuts and some fruits. Fresh vegetables and fruits have a beneficial effect on the pancreas and promote the formation of insulin.

Also, an important role in the treatment of diabetes is played by a psychological attitude. Although to date, the disease is considered incurable and imposes many restrictions on the life of the patient, if desired, it is possible to continue to rejoice and enjoy life even after the announcement of the diagnosis. Now you know everything about diabetes, symptoms and treatment.