Characteristic for the first two to three months of pregnancy. Just do not confuse him with the ailments peculiar to almost all women expecting babies. Usually they declare themselves nausea, sometimes vomiting in the morning, but do not affect the general condition of the pregnant woman and do not require special treatment. The present early toxicosis differs from the ailments by the fact that vomiting is repeated several times a day. Experts call this the indomitable vomiting of pregnant women. It is accompanied by a sharp intoxication of the body, especially the liver is affected. The weakness develops, the pulse becomes faster, the body temperature rises, the skin becomes dry. The future mother strongly loses weight. Mandatory medical attention is required.
Gestosis (late toxicosis)
This condition is characteristic of the last trimester of pregnancy. He has several stages: as the disease develops, one passes into another. At the first stage, the future mother will have swelling on her legs, hands and later on her face. As a rule, she is prescribed a diet, in which it is recommended not to eat spicy and salty, drink less and take time from times and arrange for yourself unloading days. In the second stage of gestosis (nephropathy), blood pressure rises against the background of edema, and protein appears in the urine. But even if the expectant mother feels well, hospitalization is recommended, tk. Nephropathy can quickly and imperceptibly pass into pre-eclampsia, which in turn threatens eclampsia - the last stage of gestosis, when a woman loses consciousness and her cramps begin. What is the cause of preeclampsia and eclampsia is not exactly clarified. As a rule, pre-eclampsia develops after the 30th week of pregnancy. Late toxicosis affects many organs, including the liver.
Risk group
- age (over 35 years);
- if the family had cases of pre-expulsion;
- kidney disease, diabetes, lupus;
- multiple pregnancies;
- high blood pressure before pregnancy;
- overweight.
Complicated pregnancy
There are a number of rare complications of pregnancy that manifest a sharp decrease in liver function. They pose a real danger to the future mother and child. Timely detection of the disease and its causes is important for addressing the issues of pregnancy management and predicting its outcome.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnant women
This disease occurs infrequently and is associated exclusively with pregnancy. It is caused by the action on a healthy liver of a pregnant woman of high level of female sex hormones, which stimulate the processes of bile formation and suppress bile excretion. There is evidence that cholestasis is more common in women who have used oral contraceptives prior to pregnancy. The disease is not hereditary. Only genetic predisposition to an unusual cholestatic reaction to female sex hormones is transmitted. Intrahepatic cholestasis can be affected at any time of pregnancy, but most often it occurs in the II 1st trimester. Usually, 1-3 weeks after the delivery, the disease passes. Measures for preventing intra-hepatic cholestasis of pregnant women do not exist.
Symptoms
The main symptom of the disease is itchy skin, to which jaundice can subsequently be attached. In more severe cases, nausea, vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, more often in the right hypochondrium, and also weakness, drowsiness, sleep disturbance can disturb.
How does it affect pregnancy?
With this pathology, the risk of premature birth increases. Infants often suffer from hypoxia of varying severity. The disease involves active management of pregnancy, which consists of drug treatment, careful monitoring of the fetus and, if necessary, conducting preterm delivery by caesarean section.
Acute fatty liver of pregnant women
Serious, but fortunately, a fairly rare disease that can occur during pregnancy. It is associated with genetic defects in the metabolism of fatty acids in the mother and fetus. Disease, as a rule, develops in the II 1 st trimester, in rare cases - after delivery. Most often, this pathology is observed in primiparous, with multiple pregnancy, as well as in the case of development of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Measures to prevent acute fatty liver do not exist. With the development of acute fatty liver, pregnancy is immediately interrupted, usually by caesarean section. Timely delivery allows saving the life of the mother and child.
Symptoms
There is nausea, vomiting, pain in the upper abdomen, as well as general weakness. Progression of liver failure can cause jaundice, blood clotting disorders, generalized bleeding, a decrease in blood sugar.
Viral hepatitis
This troupe includes liver disease caused by a viral infection. Distinguish between hepatitis A, B, C, D, E. Hepatitis E is very rare in Russia. All hepatitis viruses cause acute hepatitis after infection, which is often asymptomatic! Hepatitis A and E are only acute form and most often result in recovery. Viruses B, C and D are the cause of the development of chronic liver damage. In this case, the acute form of the disease becomes chronic. It is possible to get sick with hepatitis A and E, using contaminated drinking water and food, as well as in case of non-observance of sanitary and hygienic standards. Hepatitis B, C, D are transmitted by transfusion of contaminated canned blood and its products, injections, with dental operations. Infection with hepatitis B, C, D occurs also at sexual contacts with the infected partner. Hepatitis B, C, D can be transmitted to the fetus.
Acute viral hepatitis
As a rule, acute viral hepatitis results in a recovery, in rare cases, a transition to a chronic form.
Symptoms
Nausea, vomiting, heaviness in epigastrium, fever, weakness, irritability, intense itching, dark urine and yellow skin.
Influence on pregnancy and childbirth
Possible spontaneous miscarriages and premature birth. During the birth process and the early postpartum period, the risk of bleeding increases.
Influence on the child
Much depends on the gestational age at which a woman contracted hepatitis. The risk of infection of the child increases with disease in the 3rd trimester, as well as in case of damage to the placenta. Hepatitis B, C, or D most often the infant becomes infected during the birth, if it has cracks in the skin or mucous membranes, less often - in utero. Prevention of hepatitis in newborns is carried out within 24 hours after birth through immunization: a vaccine and hyperimmune gamma globulin.
Chronic hepatitis
In patients with chronic hepatitis, pregnancy does not affect the course of the disease and does not pose a risk to the future mother. During this period, the disease is most often characterized by low activity and a rarity of exacerbations. The presence of a viral infection of hepatitis in a future mother does not affect the course of pregnancy and its outcome. Chronic hepatitis does not increase the risk of spontaneous miscarriages and stillbirths, nor is it the cause of congenital malformations in infants.
Main symptoms
Itching, enlargement of the liver, enlargement of the spleen. Jaundice with chronic hepatitis is rare - only with severe exacerbations of the disease.
Risk of infection of the child
The mechanisms of infection of an infant with chronic hepatitis are the same as in the acute form of the disease. Infection can occur, mainly, during the birth process. In rare cases - in utero. Prevention of infection of a newborn with hepatitis is provided by vaccination in the first hours after childbirth.
Can I breast-feed?
Women with chronic hepatitis A, B and C can breastfeed. Natural feeding does not increase the risk of infection of newborns. But it is important to monitor the integrity of the nipples and mucous membranes of the child's mouth. In the presence of bleeding cracks in the nipples, damage to the infant's mucosa from breastfeeding for a certain period should be discarded. Now we know what are liver diseases during pregnancy.