The enema is the procedure for the introduction of liquid into the rectum for the purpose of diagnosis or treatment. Introduction to the rectum of special fluids for the purpose of conducting an X-ray study is called an enema diagnostic. A curative enema is the same process, in which laxative, purifying, nutritious and medicinal preparations and remedies are used.
Rules for holding enemas.
To make an enema for a small child, small rubber cylinders of a pear-shaped shape are used, which are called syringes. Douches come with hard plastic tips or rubber soft tips, which are like a continuation of the syringe. Douches are available in volumes from 30 to 360 milliliters.
Carrying out an enema for a nursing baby requires certain special techniques to be performed. First it is necessary to boil the syringe for 30 minutes to sterilize it. Then you need to get the right amount of fluid and lubricate the tip of the syringe with sterile vegetable oil or baby cream. Then it is necessary to release air from the syringe - for this you need to turn the syringe tip up, and lightly press the bottom. After this, the child should be laid on the left side, bend the legs in the knees and, pushing his buttocks apart, carefully insert the tip of the syringe into the inside for 3 to 5 cm. At the beginning of the injection, the tip should be forwarded (2 cm), and after passing the external and internal sphincters , to a depth of 2 - 3 cm back and, slowly pressing the bottom of the syringe, pour liquid into the rectum. The sphincter is called the circular muscles that compress and expand the lumen of the rectum.
It is necessary to monitor the breathing of the child, because the introduction of fluid is carried out only on inhalation. After the end of the process, the tip is carefully outward, and the buttocks of the child should be squeezed for about a minute. Then it is necessary to put the child on the back, then to turn first on the side, next to the tummy in order for the fluid to spread through the intestines.
For children after three years of syringing is not enough, and here for the enema is used a mug of Esmarch. Mug is a rubber cylinder with a capacity of 1, 5 - 2 liters, connected to the tip of a long tube. On the tube there is a special clamp, or a tap for regulating the rate of fluid intake. After the enema, the child should lie in different positions (on the back, sides, abdomen) for 10 minutes to enhance peristalsis.
Types of enemas.
- Cleansing enema for children.
Cleansing enemas are used for digestion disorders (bloating, constipation), before medicinal enemas, shortly before the digestive tract studies.
Cleansing enema consists of boiled, warmed to a temperature of 33 - 35C water. The amount of water for the cleaning enema depends directly on the weight and age of the child. The proportions are as follows: up to half a year 30-60 ml; from 6 to 12 months - up to 150 ml; from one year to two years - up to 200 ml; 2 - 5 years - 300 ml; 5 - 9 years - 400 ml, and over 10 years - 0, 5 liters. Older children can use water slightly cool.
To increase the effect of the cleansing enema to young children under the age of 1 year, add a little vegetable oil in water or not more than 1 teaspoon of glycerin.
When carrying out cleansing enemas it is necessary to remember: in case of acute surgical disease (appendicitis, obstruction, adhesions), various diseases of the rectum, purgative enemas are contraindicated.
- Relaxing enemas.
Older children are treated with relieving enemas that are good for constipation caused by a spasm of the intestinal musculature. Such enemas can be glycerin and oil - the oil base of these enemas causes irritation of the intestinal mucosa, strengthens its peristalsis and facilitates the process of bowel emptying. Such enemas can be used in the treatment of inflammation in the intestines.
A relaxing enema consists of 40 - 180 ml of slightly warmed vegetable oil, or 5 - 10 ml of glycerin purified. A few hours after this enema, a chair appears. If the enema is done in the evening, then the chair will be early in the morning.
A variant of a laxative enema is a hypertonic 10% solution of table salt (10 g salt per 100 g water). Such an enema draws water and cleanses the intestines. If there is a weakly expressed peristalsis, which does not contribute to the promotion of stool (with so-called atonic constipation), this enema fits best.
- Medicinal and nutritional enemas.
When carrying out medicinal enemas, special catheters are used, which allow you to inject accurately the amount of medicine with a syringe. Medicinal enemas are carried out only 30 to 40 minutes after cleansing enema, to ensure more complete absorption of the drug by the intestine.
With continuous vomiting, nourishing enemas are made. They consist of various saline solutions and weak solutions of glucose.