Before answering the question: "How to protect the child from solar and thermal shock? ", You need to figure out where they come from, why they arise.
So, the appearance of a heat stroke, as well as the emergence of a sunstroke (for the second is just a kind of the first), depends on the characteristics of the organism. So, if the child's heat production is high enough (that is, the baby's organism produces heat too actively), and heat transfer, on the contrary, has low values (the organism slowly gives up the accumulated heat to the environment), then there is a risk of getting a heat stroke. There are several heat diseases, and all of them are caused by the global overheating of a weak child's organism (though not always childish).
Diseases associated with overheating, there are three: the heat stroke itself, thermal exhaustion and thermal convulsions. Within the framework of a heat stroke, a sunstroke is also singled out. As you already understood, this disease occurs in those cases when environmental factors unfavorably combine with the internal state of the organism.
What causes thermal shocks, why are they so common? However trite it may sound, the first factor that provokes the appearance of a sunstroke is a very high air temperature. In addition, here we will refer to the increased humidity (the more its indicators tend to 100%, the more likely to get a thermal disease, because with such humidity, heat transfer takes place even more slowly). The shadow, of course, can always save you and your body from overheating, but it happens that there is nowhere to hide, you have to be under a hot sun - and this is another reason for a sunstroke. And, among other things, you need to make sure that the clothes in which the child went out in the street correspond to the weather and the temperature regime - you should not wear more with the thoughts: "And what if (at the end of July) it becomes much cold? ". In such cases, if you are concerned about a sharp change of weather throughout the day, it is better to take extra things with you, rather than put them on the child.
On external factors that increase the possibility of a heat stroke, we talked, now we will note the internal factors. So, the sunstroke most often arises in the case if there is little fluid in the child's body (or adult) and if it is in a particularly mobile, active state. In a risk zone there are also children with excess weight, after all hypodermic fat at times brakes heat transfer process. Thermal shock is also particularly affected by children with CNS diseases and those who use CNS stimulants (ie, ecstasy, cocaine, amphetamine). And last but, perhaps, the most important: the younger the child, the more susceptible it is to sunstroke due to the underdevelopment of the mechanisms of thermoregulation.
How can parents recognize a heat stroke? Symptoms of it can hardly be confused with something. Therefore, if your child has lost consciousness, sweat has ceased to appear on his skin, which until then literally poured hail, if his skin became very hot, but at the same time turned pale and became drier - these are the main, first signs of a heat stroke. In addition, there are other manifestations of sunstroke, for example, you may notice that the child's breathing has become arrhythmic, convulsions are observed, blood pressure is sharply reduced (if it is possible to check, of course) - this can also be a manifestation of a heat stroke. In addition, children usually develop vomiting and diarrhea, while a stroke in an adult man does without these manifestations.
If a heat stroke can occur simply from overheating, then the sunlight occurs only when the baby's head is exposed to direct sunlight for a long time.
It should also be noted that none of these strokes can occur abruptly, suddenly - there must always be warning symptoms, it's just not all parents are able to consider them. So, if a child complains of a malaise, his head hurts, he vomits and periodically vomits, if his face flushed and his body temperature increased - these are signals to what should be done so that the baby does not catch a heat stroke.
If the child is ill, but he did not faint - this is called thermal exhaustion. Sometimes thermal exhaustion can be accompanied by cramps, which involve separate muscle groups (in most cases these are the legs). Seizures occur if, along with the predisposition, the child is not just dressed too warmly, but also engaged in active workloads accompanied by profuse sweating. In such cases, pain in the muscles may occur. If the child complains of such pain - immediately let him rest, remove excess clothing. Let him rest, otherwise the cramps will not pass.
How to save, how to help a child, who still caught heat or sunshine? First of all, take care to transport the child to where it will be cooler: in the shade or in the room. Put it, free of all clothing. Intensively fan the child with improvised means: a magazine or a fan, if you have it at hand. Put a cold compress on his forehead, take a rag and water, a temperature of 30 degrees, and wipe the skin of the baby. As soon as the child comes to his senses - solder it with cool liquid, better - with usual purified water.
As you can see, in order to protect the child from a heat stroke, you need to know the causes of its occurrence, symptoms and first aid, if the blow does happen. Observe simple precautions - and merciless sun will not touch your baby.