Hearing
Hear babies can still in the womb, After birth, sound perception is only improved, and the newborn begins to listen to sounds, feels the connection between hearing and vision. So, already a two-month-old kid is able to turn his head toward the source of sound. The organ of hearing is completely formed only by 10-12 years. Thus, the external auditory canal of newborns is much shorter than that of older children, and the position of the tympanic membrane changes.
Smell
At the age of a few days to a month the baby is already able to distinguish the mother's voice from the voices of other women and, even more surprisingly, can even react to her name if the mother pronounces it distinctly. Thus, "by ear" the child recognizes the mother before visually, and at first "loves the ears." The hearing of the newborn is sensitive enough, and the tympanic membranes are fragile, so it is not worth talking loudly with him, making noise. Take care of his ears: talk to him quietly, but with different intonations, include melodious, quiet music (best of all stringed instruments), ring him with a rattle or bell, changing the distance and direction of sound. The baby's nose, of course, must be protected from sharp odors and injuries and carefully monitor the condition of the nasopharynx. Disruption of nasal breathing and olfactory affects almost the entire body: on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, on the brain and other organs. Therefore, the infant rhinitis is a dangerous thing, and it must be treated at the first signs of a malaise.
Taste
Taste receptors in a newborn, as in an adult, are mainly in the oral mucosa, mainly in the tongue. Already on the first day of life, babies show taste sensitivity and prefer sweet liquids in that they have no taste (let alone bitter and sour). That's why breast milk is so sweet. It is clear that the nursing mother should avoid even the lightest alcohol, spicy dishes and seasonings - the baby obviously does not appreciate these flavors. Or maybe give up at all. Therefore, the main advice for breastfeeding is not to experiment with your own menu. Gradually the taste sensations develop, and what kind of food your baby will prefer, depends mainly on adults. With the beginning of complementary feeding, it is necessary to develop these skills, accustoming not only to sweet, but also to other shades of taste. And one more interesting fact. It turns out that in terms of taste, we are much inferior to animals. Man discerns only a tenth of what is available to "our younger brothers." The number of taste receptors in humans is only 3,000. The cow has 35,000 of them, and the antelope has 50,000! But there are creatures on the earth who are "completely devoid of taste" - this is, oddly enough, whales. They have no taste receptors at all.
Touch
The skin is also an organ of the senses, and very important. The child needs the touch of the mother - without them it is impossible to form a healthy nervous system. From birth, each baby has a grasping reflex, which day by day becomes more focused - it is with the help of touch that the baby explores the shape, size, texture and temperature of objects. In 2-3 months the child already knows how to reach the object and touch it, for example, to shake the toy hanging over the crib. This is also a special stage of its evolution! Month at 4, he already confidently takes the toy hands. Therefore, for his tactile sensations to be more diverse, let him deal with a variety of objects: fluffy, smooth, rough, large and small. Just remember that the touch is not limited to, he will definitely check the toy and taste - so be more careful! In a newborn, the formation of the cerebral cortex has not yet been completed, it is developing in the process of active work. The baby every day is just so busy that he continually analyzes and summarizes his sensory discoveries. Each new experience hones his feelings and provides additional information. That is why the baby's brain needs a variety of impressions: auditory, visual, olfactory, tactile, tasteful. Experts believe that the satisfaction of information needs is just as necessary for development as food and sleep. For 3-4 years now children with developed visual perception begin to draw, with auditory - communicate more actively.