Syndrome of vegetative dystonia is a whole complex of clinical manifestations, which can affect various systems and organs of the human body. They appear because of deviations in the structure of the autonomic nervous system. SVD is not an independent disease, but it can cause the development of many diseases, for example, peptic ulcer, bronchial asthma, etc.
Signs of SVD are found in about 25-80% of children who live, as a rule, in urban conditions. Symptoms can be detected in people of any age, but more often in children of seven to eight years, as a rule, in girls.
Symptomatology
In children, vegetative-vascular dystonia is characterized by a wide variety of symptoms. The clinical picture largely depends on which parts of the nervous system are affected. In this regard, there are two types of dystonia - vagotonia and sympathicotonia.
When vagotonia is observed, fatigue, memory impairment, sleep disorders (the child is difficult to fall asleep or is constantly drowsy), indecision, apathy, propensity to depression and fearfulness. Very often these children have excess weight, while in the period of the disease the appetite is lowered, they do not tolerate the cold and stuffy rooms, they have a feeling of lack of air, dizziness, nausea, there may be pain in the legs at night, increased flow and salinity , frequent urge to urinate, fluid retention in the body, allergic reactions, hypersalivation, marbling of the skin, spastic constipation, acrocyanosis, etc. Violations in the cardiovascular system can manifest as pain in the heart, ble pressure bradyarrhythmias, heart sounds muffled, increasing the size of the heart muscle (due to lower tone).
Sympathicotonia is expressed in temperament, mood variability, short temper, increased sensitivity to pain, absent-mindedness, various neurotic states. Often there is a feeling of heat or faster heartbeat. As a rule, such people have an asthenic physique against a background of increased appetite, dry and pale skin, cold and numbness of the limbs, an unreasonable increase in body temperature, poor heat tolerance, atonic constipation. Vestibular disorders of this type of SVD are not characteristic, and respiratory disorders are absent. In the cardiovascular system, disorders occur in the form of tachycardia and high blood pressure, the size of the heart muscle does not change.
Treatment
The therapy of vegetative-vascular dystonia should include a set of measures taking into account vegetative disorders and individual characteristics. By time, treatment is long and usually does not begin with medication methods. First, it is necessary to normalize the regime of the day, it is necessary to introduce a physical load (dosed) to eliminate hypodynamia, to limit the emotional impact (games at the computer, TV). In addition, it is necessary to carry out individual and psychological correction, to establish regular and proper nutrition. Positively affects the patient's condition, therapeutic massage, water procedures, acupuncture. The choice of physical impact is chosen depending on the type of vegetative disorder. For example, with vagotonia, electrophoresis is shown with caffeine, calcium, mezaton, and in the case of sympathicotony, electrophoresis with magnesium, euphyllin, bromine, papaverine.
If these methods are not enough, the specialist selects medical therapy. Drugs of various types of action are used, in particular:
- Sedatives (motherwort, valerian), antidepressants and tranquilizers, nootropics;
- Complexes of vitamins and microelements, glycine, glutamic acid, etc .;
- Preparations for the improvement of blood circulation (vinpocetine, nicotinic acid);
- Radiene-blockers, stimulants of plant origin;
- Preparations for dehydration therapy (diacarb);
At least once every six months, children with SVD should be observed by a specialist to examine and repeat therapeutic therapy.