The Aralia of Manchuria (a synonym for aralia high) is a small tree from the family Araliaceae (Latin Araliaceae). The height of the tree is from 6 to 12 meters, the trunk is straight, seated with large spines. The roots of the plant have a radial arrangement for 2-3 meters, sometimes 5 meters from the trunk. They lie horizontally, venturing 25 cm from the surface of the ground. Then make a steep bend and penetrate down to a depth of 50-60 cm, while strongly branching.
Aralia Manchurian or aralia high reproduces well in a vegetative way, can also seeds. Only on 1 meter of roots is formed about 250 kidneys, which form then shoots. After frosting and felling, the plant is able to give abundant root growth. The leaves are complex, twice-pinnate, close at the apex of the petiole. Small flowers of white or cream color, form inflorescence umbrellas, on the top of the trunk they are collected in a large branchy inflorescence. One inflorescence totals 50-70 thousand flowers. Fruits are berry-shaped, 3-5 mm, blue-black in color, contain five ossicles oblate from the sides. Fruits the plant annually. On an adult plant, about 60,000 fruits can be formed with an average mass of 50 mg. The flowering period covers July-August, ripe fruits are formed in the second part of September. Active growth lasts 22-24 years, then the growth processes are on a decline.
Collection of raw materials
Medicinal raw materials are bark, leaves and roots. The roots must be harvested first in autumn, in September, and in the spring before the leaves are blooming. Digging follows from the trunk, moving to the periphery of the roots. To collect the roots from 1 to 3 cm thick. Do not dig up roots whose diameter is less than 1 or more than 3 cm. Do not dig out all the roots of aralia: one radially located root should be left in the soil. It is from him that the root system and the accessory buds of the plant will be restored. For harvesting, choose aralia not younger than 5-15 years. On the place where the plant was excavated, plant the root stalk of aralia (10 cm in length and 1-3 cm in diameter).
Dug roots should be thoroughly cleaned from the ground, remove roots, the central part of which has already turned black. Do not use as a raw material roots with a diameter of more than 3 cm. When drying roots, use dryers, setting the temperature to 60 ° C. You can dry it in a well-ventilated room or outdoors in dry weather. Dried roots retain a shelf life of up to 2 years. They have a slightly astringent, bitterish taste and a fragrant smell. Bark, roots, leaves are harvested in sunny dry weather during and after the flowering period. Leaves and bark should be dried at 50-55 ° C.
Traditional medicine, except for Manchu aralia, uses other species, for example A. Schmidt and A. continental.
Pharmacological properties
Of the aralia of the Manchu, galenic preparations are made, which excite the central nervous system. The effect of this drug is superior to that of drugs based on eleutherococcus and ginseng. The root extract of aralia has a gonadotropic effect. Substantially without affecting the level of arterial pressure, the preparations of aralia may slightly stimulate respiration and have a small cardiotonic effect. It is also shown that they have an anti-stress effect.
Application in medicine
The drug "Saparal" is a tincture stimulating the central nervous system. In addition, it is prescribed for asthenia and hypotension, impotence, atherosclerosis (at the initial stages), mental and physical fatigue, asthenodepresive state due to craniocerebral trauma, schizophrenia, and postgripposis.
Traditional medicine uses a decoction in the treatment of gastrointestinal upset, diabetes, colds, inflammation of the mouth, urinary incontinence, kidney and liver diseases to increase urination, and as a body-strengthening remedy. In Japan, prescribed for diseases of the digestive tract and diabetes, in China they use it as a diuretic. In medicine, the Far East - to treat influenza and colds, enuresis; Nanais - as obezbalivayuschee with stomatitis, toothache, liver disease, as a tonic. Decoction of leaves and root bark are taken with kidney diseases, diabetes, and also the organs of the digestive tract.
Rules for the reception of funds based on the aralia of the Manchu
Tinctura from roots of aralia (Latin Tinctura Araliae), is prepared on 70% alcohol solution in a proportion 1: 5. Assign 30-40 drops inside 2-3 times a day. Tincture is prescribed for patients who have had severe chronic illnesses in the stage of reconvalescence, asthenodepressive states, mental and physical fatigue, hypotension, impotence. Contraindicated in cases of insomnia, nervous excitability, hypertension. It is released in pharmacies only on prescription.
Saparal (Latin Saparalum) is a medical preparation from the roots of aralia. It is based on triterpene glycosides of oleanolic acid (aralozides A, B, C). The drug has a low toxicity, hemolytic index is small, with long-term use of side effects does not cause. On the exciting effect on the organism, saparal is very similar to the Manchu aralia. It has a desynchronizing effect on the central nervous system with localization of the effect in the region of the reticular structures located in the middle brain. Take inside 2 times a day after eating 1 tablet (0.05 g) in the morning and evening hours. Treatment is conducted in courses of 14-30 days. After a break of 1-2 weeks should be repeated treatment, with the dosage should be 0.05-0.1 g per day lasting 10-15 days. With a view to prevention, you must take up to 0.1 g per day. Store in dark vials in a cool, dry, dark place. Contraindicated in cases of hyperkinesis, epilepsy, increased excitability, hypertension. It is not recommended to take saparal before bedtime to avoid insomnia.
Decoction of the roots of aralia high. Prepare from 20 g of roots, pre-ground and 200 ml of hot water. The mixture should be boiled in a water bath in a sealed container for half an hour, cooled to room temperature, filtered, then squeezed and brought to a volume of 200 ml with boiled water. Keep in the refrigerator for 3 days. Assign to 1 tbsp. l. before meals 3 times a day. Treatment is carried out in courses lasting 2-3 weeks.
Application in other areas
From the roots are prepared tonic drinks, young leaves are used for food in fried and boiled form. High aralia is a good food for spotted deer and cattle. Grow as a hedge. A good honey plant. Aralia is decorative.