Speech disorder is spoken of when a child's speech is developed much worse than that of his peers or when it contains speech errors. However, it should be noted that during speech formation in a child, speech defects such as dyslasia, stammering, and others are not considered deviations. To speech disorders, they are reckoned if, as the child develops, they do not disappear.
Causes of expressive speech disorders.
The causes of expressive speech disorders are manifold. They can arise due to disruption in the development of the brain, diseases or congenital malformations of the organs of the speech apparatus, functional disorders of the speech apparatus or brain, hearing loss, as well as various mental disorders.
Correctly pronounce the words can only those children who have normal hearing. Therefore, you should regularly check the hearing of the child. If the child suddenly stops babbling, it is urgent to see a doctor.
Dyslalia
Dysplasia is the incorrect pronunciation of speech sounds due to abnormalities of the speech apparatus (language, sky, etc.), a violation of the function of the nervous system or deafness. The child misses individual sounds or their combinations, changes them in places or incorrectly pronounces. The child's vocabulary corresponds to age, the sentence is correct. Distorted pronunciation in children up to 4-5 years is considered normal and is called age, or physiological dyslalia. The causes of dyslasia may be different, for example, hearing loss, brain damage, slow development of speech, heredity, or "bad" example of parents (when parents mispronounce words).
Dysplasia can also develop due to the injuries of the lips, anomalies of the jaws and teeth.
Lisp.
Lisp - incorrect pronunciation of whistling and hissing sounds, caused by anomaly of jaws and teeth, deafness, etc. Difficulties are caused by pronunciation of letters c, w, w, w. The causes of lisp - imitation, impaired motor motility of the mouth, short palatine tongue, hearing loss, mental development disorders. Anomalies of teeth and jaws need to be corrected. The sooner the treatment is started, the better the result.
Nasal congestion (rhinolalia).
With rhinolalia, the spoken sounds by articulation and sound are close to normal, but have a nasal hue, since the air jet partially goes into the nose. Adults often say "in the nose" by habit or belief that such a speech is "a sign of intelligence." The most common causes of severe forms of rhinolaly are congenital anomalies of the palate, paralysis of the palatine tongue, operations on the neck and throat (eg, tonsillectomy - surgery to remove palatine tonsils). Nasal congestion is also observed with an increase in palatine tonsils. Congenital anomalies of the palate, as a rule, are eliminated by surgical intervention. Often successful is the treatment prescribed by the speech therapist.
Stuttering is a disorder of speech in the form of a delay in sounds, syllables and their repetition due to convulsions of the muscles of the motor-breathing apparatus. Stammering occurs usually in childhood after fright, infections, intoxication, etc. Propensity to stuttering is inherited. Risk factors - slow development of speech in the child, disruption of the hemisphere of the brain, insecurity, parents who suffer from stuttering. Treatment often improves the speech of stammering people. In the third and fourth year of life, many children stutter (when it is difficult for them to pronounce a new word). However, such stuttering in 70-80% of children will soon pass.
Fast speech.
With this disorder, speech in children is very fast, inarticulate. When talking, they "swallow" whole syllables or words. Most often this manner of speaking is innate. For 3-5 years of life such a speech of the child is not considered a deviation. It is difficult to treat patients, since most of them are impatient, which does not allow them to speak, accentuating the spoken words.
If the child wants to tell you something, listen carefully. If he hesitates, do not help him, do not finish the sentence instead, even if you know exactly what he wants to say. Do not make fun of the child for small speech errors or peculiar speech. Better correctly repeat (not too stressed) the word that he pronounced incorrectly. Despite the fact that the speech of the kids is very funny, do not take it from them!