First aid for food poisoning


Who does not like to taste fragrant shish kebab, and even in the fresh air? But, unfortunately, most poisonings happen on picnics. I want to spend time in nature without negative consequences. But if problems with the stomach could not be avoided, first aid for food poisoning should be provided on time.

Poisoning meat and fish are the most dangerous for humans. At first glance, beautiful vegetables and fruits contain a large amount of nitrates, which also has a negative effect on the body. Do not be frivolous about food poisoning. Sometimes they do not pass after a couple of days of unwell well-being. In addition to the negative effect on the body, food poisoning can lead to death. You need to be very careful that no harmful substances enter the body. And if this has already happened, then it is necessary to take the necessary measures in time.

Food poisoning is divided into bacterial and non-bacterial. Food intoxications and toxic infections are bacterial in nature. The poisoning with nitrates, chemicals, fungi and other various poisonous substances is not bacterial in nature. The most common pathogens of the infection are salmonella, which are found in meat, eggs, raw milk and dairy products. This infection mainly develops at high humidity and temperature. Symptoms of the disease are manifested for 12 hours, but the incubation period can last two days. Characteristic increase in temperature to 38-40 ° C, the person is shivering, there is pain in the epigastric region, nausea and vomiting. Later, diarrhea and dehydration of the body appear. Disease in mild form can go through a week, a heavier form requires more thorough treatment. If the poisoning occurred with a small child, then it is necessary to immediately show the doctor.

Poisoning with botulinum toxin, which accumulates in food, is called botulism. It provokes an anaerobic, whose microscopic dose is lethal to humans. The spasm of botulism does not disappear even after long heat treatment of the product. This disease begins as a usual toxic poisoning with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. The nervous system is affected, then unpleasant symptoms of the nervous system appear. Causing paralysis of the respiratory muscles, this disease can cause a lethal outcome from suffocation. In most cases, botulinum toxin is found in various canned meat and fish, as well as in canned mushrooms. Domestic canned food should not be sealed properly, but stored under a plastic lid. Because anaerob does not survive with oxygen access.

Staphylococcal poisoning is usually caused by the use of milk, dairy products, meat dishes, cakes and cakes. To distinguish products containing toxin staphylococcus in appearance is impossible. This disease has a very short incubation period - up to two hours. Symptoms of infection are abdominal pain and vomiting, weakness and a drop in pressure.

The causes of an acute intestinal infection, such as dysentery, are E. coli bacteria. To provoke food poisoning with E. coli may be the use of raw or weakly processed meat, unwashed untreated vegetables, and unpasteurized milk. Symptoms of dysentery can be diarrhea, dehydration, kidney problems. If you do not take the necessary measures in time, a lethal outcome is possible.

Very dangerous is food poisoning, which occurs mostly asymptomatically - listeriosis. Bacteria that excite this disease, in most cases are in pates, seafood, half-finished products from meat, and cheeses.

Greens like salad, dill, spinach, cilantro, green onions, as well as beets and radish, accumulate nitrates most of all. Colored and white cabbage, zucchini, pumpkin, carrots, horseradish, cucumbers, parsnips accumulate nitrates to a lesser extent. Berries and fruits, onions, tomatoes, potatoes, beans, sorrel, peas, Brussels sprouts have a low ability to accumulate harmful substances.

The content of nitrates decreases with the maturation of vegetables, as well as during heat treatment and preservation. Poisoning products containing a large number of nitrates have a negative effect on the gastrointestinal tract, on the cardiovascular and central nervous system. Signs of poisoning are nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. They can appear in 1-6 hours from the moment of food intake containing a large amount of nitrates. The liver is enlarged, it hurts with pressure, pressure falls, the heartbeat is broken, breathing becomes frequent, hands and feet are cold. The victim feels a headache, a noise in the ears, weakness, drowsiness and depression. Also cramps of facial muscles, loss of consciousness, in extreme cases - coma are possible. After removal of harmful substances by means of gastric lavage, it is necessary to take sorbents, for example, crushed activated charcoal (1 tablet per 10 kg of weight), a bag of smectites. These drugs are recommended to be taken three times a day. You can also use Enterosgel in the proportions that are specified in the instructions. From natural products milk, jelly, baked apples, marmalade, beaten raw egg white will do. If you do not have the necessary medicines at hand, take a decoction of chamomile or sage. Do not take drugs that stop diarrhea, as this will lead to increased intoxication of the body. In order not to allow dehydration, without a lot of drinking can not do. To provide first aid for food poisoning, a slightly saline solution, unsweetened liquid jelly, compote from dried fruits without sugar, rice broth are suitable. And also special solutions that are sold in the pharmacy, for example - rehydron.