Spring is a time for planting new crops, plants and trees in your garden. It's not at all strange that many people have a lot of questions on this topic. For example: How correctly to plant seedlings? How to find out on which stocks the young plants were grafted: dwarfish, semi-dwarfish or tall? How not to be mistaken in the choice of seedlings? All the questions are quite complex and require proper attention and responsible approach, because it will be a pity if you wait several years for one crop, and you get what you want as a result.
Rootstocks
There are clonal and seminal stock. The best seed growers consider seed stocks, which were obtained as a result of sowing seeds, which are isolated from the fruit of forest trees. However, often in nurseriesuse the seeds antonovok for more seedlings. Experienced by the experts grow seedlings of seeds or pits. Strongly grown apple trees are grown on seedlings of wild apple forest, semi-dwarf - on seedlings of Chinese whales, and dwarf on apple seedlings of Shedekker. If you want to grow a pear, then the saplings grown on seedlings are grown on a wild forest pear, and dwarf ones are grown on seedlings of quince.
Clone rootstocks are propagated by means of broods, not seeds. Such stocks are popular with breeders with special agrotechnics and special conditions for growing a garden. On clonal roots, trees do not grow too long, only 12-14 years. By the age of ten, the stems begin to shrink and become very sick. If such a landing is industrial, then it is uprooted.
How to choose seedlings?
Try to acquire seedlings from gardeners with a good reputation, who know their business perfectly, know the technique well and know which fertilizers are best used for your climatic and soil zone. If the seedlings were grown in large nurseries, then try to avoid them, because often the best options are put up for sale. When you start to choose the necessary seedlings, special attention should be given to the roots: if the root is on a cut in dark color, then this seedling is not for you. He was kept for a long time and lost all his strength for life. Some deciduous forms of rootstocks can have crimson root wood. If the root is covered with a lobe that grows in the central central axis, then this is a clone rootstock or a root-owning seedling (many of these seedlings can be found in plums and cherries). If the root has several skeletal branches, and the amount of lobe is small, then this is a seed stock.
In addition, you need to take a good look at the shoots. If you choose a pear, then make sure that there are no black dots and swellings on the bark - this indicates that the sapling grows scab. If you went to choose apple seedlings, then you are not allowed to bark small ulcers and black depressions, otherwise you will buy sagenetszarzhenny cancer. Best of all, if the seedling does not have a strong growth, it is a consequence of the fact that a large number of fertilizers were introduced into the nursery. There are also some signs, thanks to which you can anticipate the fecundity and coloring of the future fruit. Usually, if apples have grayish light-colored, greenish shoots, then they are owners of green and yellow fruits, but if the offspring has a reddish shade of the bark, this indicates that the coloring will be red. If you choose a plum, then notice the color of its shoots. A dark purple shoot suggests that the fruits will be dark blue if the shoots are yellowish, grayish or greenish, which means that the fruits will have lighter shades. If you choose a pear, then it will be even easier for you to determine the color of future fruits. If the offspring has shoots of a yellowish hue or light brown color, then the fruit will be yellow, if the shoots are gray-green or green, then the fruits will be green, well, and if the shoots are reddish, then the pears themselves will have a bright blush.
Now that we have decided on the choice of seedlings, it's time to go directly to planting. It's the best time to discuss the issue of fertilizing seedlings and even talk about the planning of a garden.
Internodes and kidneys
If the apple seedling has large protruding buds and short-termed hosts, then, most likely, this tree will be fast-growing, but seedlings with boldly depressed buds and long internodes can begin to bear fruit as soon as possible. The seedlings, which have bent uneven shoots with large protruding buds, almost always begin to bear fruit quickly. Moreover, seedlings of pears, which originate from fast-growing varieties, even at the age of one already have branches on the lower part of the plant. Saplings, which have long straight shoots with small, submerged buds, will begin to bear fruit late.
Landing
When you have acquired the seedlings, you only have to plant them properly. Naturally, most gardeners know that if they plant trees in places where there has never been a fruit tree, the young seedlings will begin to develop quickly and well, and they will also bring large, clean and tasty fruit. But if, on the contrary, to plant trees in the place where trees have always grown, there will be a high probability that trees will develop badly, start to hurt and it is possible that they will completely die.
All this is due to the self-poisoning of the soil: the everyday life throws out various substances into the earth that do not decompose, they accumulate atoll. All this applies to plants of the same species. For example, if several years in a row apple trees grow on one place and they are eaten up as a result, and new apple seedlings are going to be planted on the same site, they will not be healthy. The seedlings will be stunted and begin to ache, but if you plant a plum on this land, then it will grow and develop better. If the place of the apple tree is planted plum or cherry, it will feel much better in this soil even than in the pure one. Therefore, it is necessary to constantly alternate garden cultures.
Must observe the time of landing. Fruit bushes and trees can begin to plant a permanent place in the soil from 10-15 September and continue planting can already at least not begin to freeze. When we plant trees in the fall, very often the planters still have leaves that must be cut off with scissors and only the petioles must be removed. In those regions where the earth freezes rarely and winters often in the winter, at this time it is also possible to plant trees, they will get well. In spring, it is already possible to start planting seedlings from the end of the february, of course, if the soil is not frozen and can continue planting until the end of April. It is worth paying attention to the fact that in the spring planting on plants there should not be blossoming leaves. Therefore, if you want to plant a tree in May, then dig out the seedling beforehand and send it to a cold place where it will be quietly located.
Fertilizer
Many people think that before planting or in its process, the planting pit should be filled with mineral and organic fertilizers. Experienced gardeners argue that when planting, in no case can no fertilizer be brought in, because this can affect the usefulness of the trees. It is important to remember that when planting is not important to rapid growth of the tree, but that the plant is well established. And in order for the tree to take root it does not need any fertilizers, for this purpose only the moisture of the soil and personal internal reserves are necessary. Moreover, if there is nutrient in the soil, then the roots develop faster. Fertilizers will not only prevent the tree from getting accustomed to, but they will also start drawing into the planting pit, slugs, moles and wireworms, and they can damage the roots.
The layout of the garden
Trees need to be planted at a certain distance, depending on the rootstock, variety and area of the planned garden.
Most trees need to be planted at a distance of 3-4 meters from each other.
For the pear and apple trees, a 1 meter deep landing pit should be prepared; for a turn, plum, mountain ash, cherry and sea-buckthorn - 0.6 m; for gooseberries, quince of Japanese, currants and imals - 0,5 m.