The period of the newborn, conditionally considered, lasting four weeks and this period, imposes a certain imprint on all subsequent life.
The baby breathes, he needs food, the temperature regime of the body should be constant, and adjust the biological protection of the body to help sleep and wakefulness. The baby's organism begins to adapt to new conditions of life, nature wants, including a variety of systems, organs, mechanisms of protection, regulators and reflexes. The "mechanism" of breathing is regulated in a short time, therefore the cellular composition of the blood changes, since the cells begin to breathe on an equal basis with the lungs of the baby. The uterine circulation is established outside, and the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is strengthened. Thermoregulation of the body is also included in the work and the regulatory capacity is very high. You can give an example for clarity. Getting at the time of birth in the cold, a child can simply die from hypothermia, but the body, including thermoregulators, thereby saves the body of a newborn from death. It also happens so that the body does not overheat when it's hot.
The immunity system is included when the body becomes ill. The nature is so clever and prudent that by giving a huge "safety margin" to the newborn, it makes it possible to adapt to different conditions, whatever it might be. In the first weeks of life, sleep and wakefulness, feeding and hygiene of the baby are very important.
Child's room
Cleanliness and a ventilated room - a pledge of sound sleep and a comfortable state of health for the newborn. When ventilating, do not forget to take the child to another room. It is better to set the baby's bed apart from the window and the entrance door - it is better not to allow drafts. In order for the child to be more comfortable and to prevent scoliosis, it is necessary to purchase a hard and flat pad for the crib mattress.
If there is an opportunity and a place under the changing table, then this is wonderful. On it you fold warm and thin diapers and ryazhonki, hats and diapers or diapers. But if there is any other table, even a written one, then it can be adapted for changing, having covered it with a special children's oilcloth, treating it once every two days with detergents.
It is advisable to purchase the laundry for children beforehand and prepare it for preparation, washed with detergents, such as: baby soap or a special powder for newborns, and ironing on both sides with an iron, folded into a bag. Here is an approximate amount of clothes for a little man: 8-12 raspashonok and sliders, 24 thin diapers and the same number of diapers, flannel diapers - 10-12 pcs., One blanket is warm and two thin.
Morning toilet baby to spend carefully, washing his face with warm boiled water or a decoction of chamomile. You can 2% aqueous solution of boric acid: a glass of boiled water to dissolve 1 teaspoon without a slide.
Ears of baby wash with a very carefully boric solution, trying not to get liquid into the external ear canal.
Eyes should be treated better with sterile cotton swabs, moistening with furacillin solution or a weak solution of potassium permanganate, easier, with potassium permanganate, rubbing from the outer corner of the eye to the inner, separate ball, for each eye. A solution of potassium permanganate should also be prepared very carefully, because undissolved crystals can burn any skin, let alone the skin of a small man. Therefore, we dilute the crystals in boiled water so that the solution is strong, dark red, and then, after mixing this solution well, add water so that it becomes a pink color.
We clean the tip of the baby very carefully, trying not to injure the stenochki and capillaries of the spout, cotton wool, moistened with vaseline oil. It must be sterilized in a water bath, putting the jar in boiling water.
Children's manicure
Do not forget that the baby grows very quickly nails on the hands and feet, and they must be cut. If you do not, he will just scratch his face. It is advisable to cut them once every 2-4 days with a manicure scissors, but it is imperative that those scissors be purely for the baby - this is a safety measure that protects a small one from all sorts of infections. Scissors should be rounded with tips so that there are no cuts or pricks. Manicure it is desirable to spend in daylight or in a well-lit room and when you are calm, and the baby is in good spirits. You can sing while the song, counting the fingers of the baby, confidently holding his hand and pressing the finger pad for the convenience of cutting the nail: from the edges do not cut deeply, rounding the sharp corners.
Baby Bathing
The skin of the baby is very sensitive and vulnerable, therefore, with incorrect care, the skin is very unstable before infection, which is very insidious. If we talk about bathing small, then daily bathing is the most correct decision of parents. We boil water, adding to slightly cooled - prepared, to "use", manganese. This will be the first bathing of the baby and until the umbilical wound is healed - you need to bathe exactly as described above. Soap (baby) my head, trying not to fill the water in the ears. All wrinkles and between fingers and toes also pass through soap and then, wash off the soap from the body of the baby from the scoop - boiled water. While bathing, keep the baby's head in your left hand, and on the right side, rinse with water from the bucket for 1-2 minutes.
With the completion of the baby's water procedure, cover with a clean flannel diaper and complete the bathing stage on the changing table: dry all the skin folds (cervical, axillary, inguinal) with a diaper, and then transfer the baby to a dry diaper and use the same skin folds with a baby cream or butter, that would not have diaper rash. It is not necessary to buy expensive creams and oils, the main thing is to pick up for the child something that will not be irritated. You can try the oil of your own "workmanship" - pour refined vegetable oil into a clean vial and put it on a "water bath" for half an hour. The oil is ready!
What you need to know about breast milk?
Breast milk is the best, nutritionally adapted for the baby. No perfect artificial mixture can compare with the uniqueness of mother's milk and therefore replace it can, in value, half: 400 components in human milk and only 40 - in the mixture. Imagine how much more valuable - breastfeeding than artificial. However, according to the data of the Russian Federation and Goskomstat, only 45% of Russian women are breastfed until 3 months; 32% - up to 6 months; and only 14% of women remain breastfeeding until 1 year of the baby. What's the matter? Why is it that knowing that it is more useful to feed your child with breast milk, Mom very easily refuses to feed her child naturally and thereby deprives her child of a lot: satiety, calmness (breast milk has the property of calming) and health.
It's time to eat!
Before breastfeeding the baby, you should thoroughly wash your hands with soap and wash your breast and nipple with boiled water. The first few drops of milk must be poured and poured, since the first droplets can be bitter. You can feed by lying or sitting, taking a comfortable pose and putting under your foot (respectively, the breast that feeds the child) a bench. With one hand holding the baby, the other you put a nipple into your mouth and a piece of the parasol. With your four fingers, lift your chest, and with your thumb - hold it from above, so as not to close the little nose with a small chest. At each feeding, the order of attachment to the breast should be observed. Duration of feeding is usually 15-20 minutes. If you still have milk left, it should be decanted.
With sluggish sucking, for appetite, you can express a few drops of milk in the baby's mouth, and then insert a nipple.
If the child starts to doze while sucking, then, by slightly stretching the nipple from his mouth, wake him. Feeling the touch of the nipple - he again will suck.
At the end of feeding the newborn, put it in the crib, and wash your breast with boiled water, drying it with a clean towel, and brushing the nipple with petroleum jelly.
From the first days of life, accustom your baby to feeding by the clock. This is necessary in order to develop a conditioned reflex to time. This is very helpful for good digestion.
With disordered feeding, digestion and sleep disorders often occur.
In addition to breastfeeding, the child should receive water for drinking, at least 50-100 ml in the cold season and in hot weather - twice as much - 100-200ml.
The Benefits of Walking
Walking in the open air is necessary at any time of the year, except for days with a strong wind or rain. A child who spends a lot of time in the open air, gets sick less often, develops faster. Fresh air increases appetite, and the digestion of food is more intense, blood circulation improves.
If the child was born in the summer - you can walk with him from the first days after discharge from the maternity hospital. If in winter - then from the second week after discharge, at an air temperature of at least -10 * C. Begin with a 10-minute walk, gradually increasing it by 5-10 minutes, and by the age of 3 months bring the stroll in the air to four hours a day, in the winter.
In summer, with a baby, you should walk around the whole day (except for hot hours), from time to time, drink it with water.
Hardening
From the first days of life, the child should be accustomed to fresh air. In addition to "puffing" the appetite and improving blood circulation, fresh air protects against various diseases. A baby child has this ability to overheat and overcools just as easily. Therefore, Mom should be accustomed to such temperature fluctuations gradually, carefully begin tempering from air baths in the room, the optimum air temperature for the baby is 21-22 * C.
Swaddled child, let him lie for about two minutes naked - this will be the beginning of hardening. The air bath should and can be arranged in the room - in the cold season, and in the warm - on the balcony, in the courtyard. 2-3 times a day it is necessary to leave the baby naked. Starting with 2-3 minutes and then for 3-5 minutes, gradually increasing to half an hour a day.
Hardening is useful for all children, especially weakened. It causes the child a joyous mood. But if he is crying or showing obvious anxiety, he does not gain weight - the hardening procedure should be stopped and consulted with the doctor.
Now you know what the newborn can demand of you, and we advise you to observe the rules of hygienic care strictly!