One of the most urgent issues in gynecology is the therapy of cervical pathologies. Statistics show that 15 to 50 women out of a hundred, observed in a gynecologist, have cervical pathology of a different nature. In general, the revealed pathologies refer to precancerous processes or background processes (more than 80% of women).
Background diseases are those that practically do not lead to the development of cancer, but they must be treated and constantly observed by a specialist. Examples of such diseases can be: erythroplasty, flat condylomas, leukoplakia, pseudo-erosions of various genesis, polyps.
To the second category, that is, to precancerous, include diseases that are likely to become cancer. Such diseases include, for example, all degrees of dysplasia.
Diseases in the cervix of the inflammatory nature are isolated and usually referred to as genital infections.
Types of pathologies
Below is a list of the most common diseases requiring treatment and regular monitoring by a specialist:
- Erosion of the cervix - damage to the mucous cervix, which is facing the vagina. In fact, this disease is very rare. The erosion lasts for up to two weeks, and when the causes that cause it are completely healed. If no treatment was received during the period of the disease, then erosion becomes pseudo-erosion, which is called "cervical erosion". The causes of such erosion can be hormonal disorders, inflammations, some types of intrauterine interventions, chemical effects. It is worth noting that sometimes women have erosions of a physiological origin, which do not require treatment and pass independently.
- Leukoplakia is a seal in the form of a white spot.
- Polyps are outgrowths having a different structure on the surface or in the cervical canal.
- Erythroplasty is an easy bleeding spot of red color.
- Dysplasia is a disease in which there is a disruption in the maturation of the epithelium.
- Genital warts are one of the manifestations of the human papillomavirus.
Diagnosis of pathologies
There are several basic diagnostic methods:
- Colposcopy. This method involves the study of the vagina, cervix and genitals using a special device that increases the object of observation thirty times (colposcope).
- Biopsy. This method is used if, in order to diagnose a certain area, an increase is needed more than the colposcope can provide. This method allows you to put the most accurate diagnosis.
- Scheduled examination of the gynecologist. This method consists of a visual examination by a specialist of the relevant organs and a cytological examination of the smear. Such an examination is necessary for every woman every year.
Treatment
For the effective treatment of pathology, a specialist should find out the cause, which became the impetus to the development of the disease and, if possible, eliminate it. After this, the doctor chooses the most appropriate treatment for the patient. Sometimes for treatment it is enough to conduct antiviral therapy, adjust the hormonal background or increase the protective function of the body (immunity). If such treatment is not enough, then use:
- Cauterization by solkovaginom - a chemical drug, which must be applied to the source of the disease. This is a safe and effective method.
- Candles and syringing, that is, medicines.
- Diathermoculation is a method of cauterization. Inexpensive, however, can lead to complications, so it is not used so often.
- Cryodestruction - treatment with liquid nitrogen. Used for pseudo-erosions and dysplasia. This is a painless method. Healing and renewal of tissues takes place within three months.
- Laser surgery is a method that allows solving many problems.
- The radio wave method is a modern, safe, efficient method; complications after treatment practically does not cause.
Finally, it should be noted that any treatment is more effective if it starts at an early stage of the disease.