This system regulates the normal functioning of the uterus and ovaries. In the hypothalamus, special substances are formed that enter the pituitary gland and trigger the process of hormone synthesis. With the flow of blood, they reach the ovaries, where the production of sex hormones begins - progesterone, estrogen and a small portion of androgens, which trigger the process of preparing the uterus and ovaries for fertilization. In this complex regulatory mechanism, failures can occur, which leads to a violation of the menstrual cycle. The cause may be hormonal disorders occurring in the body of a woman, vitamin deficiency, infectious diseases, various trauma of mental origin. Violation of the menstrual cycle in a girl is often associated with the use of various diets. In pursuit of a slender figure, girls find themselves from a normal food system, numerous dietary restrictions deprive the body of vitally important vitamins and trace elements, which inevitably leads to a malfunction and violation of the menstrual cycle. 15 - percent weight loss can lead to a complete cessation of menstruation.
Symptoms may be too abundant or too scarce menstruation, irregular cycle, menstruation, accompanied by severe pain, delay in menstruation. The menstrual cycle can be shifted by several days. The minimum length of the cycle is 21 days, the maximum - 33 days. If there is a delay of more than 2 weeks, then this phenomenon in medicine is called oligoovulation (rare ovulation). Excessively fast coming monthly also are infringement of a menstrual cycle. If a woman with regularly advancing menstruation suddenly enlarges or decreases cycle days, this is a serious problem and it is necessary to turn to a gynecologist.
The reasons why a girl may have irregularities in the menstrual cycle can be very different. The most common cause is various infections and diseases of the pelvic organs. Therefore, first of all, a girl suffering from a cycle violation needs to be examined and tested for the presence of an agent (chlamydia, mycoplasma, and uroplasm). If the problem of violation of the cycle was reduced to the presence of infections, then timely anti-inflammatory therapy will help get rid of these disorders. Changing the hormonal background in the body of a woman can also lead to various dysfunctions in the work of the pelvic organs. First of all, the level of hormones is checked, it is checked whether there have been any changes in the function of the adrenal gland, the thyroid gland is being investigated - very often, due to a decrease in its activity or vice versa, a higher function may cause problems in the menstrual cycle. Postponed diseases, such as rubella and chickenpox, can affect the development of follicles in the ovaries, such violations of the menstrual cycle, occur already from the first cycle of the onset of menstruation. Often girls do not pay attention to these problems, and this problem is diagnosed later. Strong stresses and depressive conditions can affect the malfunction of the entire female sexual system. An important role in the development of disorders of the cycle is played by heredity, if this problem was suffered by women on the maternal line, it is quite possible its inheritance. Changing climatic conditions, can cause a violation of the menstrual cycle. Too intense training and limited nutrition can cause a cycle failure. Exhaustive training regimens, low-calorie diet, lack of trace elements and vitamins, can lead to problems associated with menstruation. Diseases transmitted sexually lead to inflammatory processes, which, without treatment, soon become chronic. Intoxication of the body, associated with the use of alcohol, nicotine and narcotic substances, disrupts the regulating work of the brain, and inevitably leads to a violation of the menstrual cycle.
To restore the normal functioning of menstruation, it is necessary to identify its true causes and starting from them to begin treatment.
In order to diagnose a violation of the menstrual cycle, there are laboratory and instrumental methods. Delivery of blood to the level of female sex hormones, ultrasound of the pelvic organs, to determine the state of the genitourinary organs, the state of the endometrium, and the phase of development of the follicles. Scraping, for the purpose of taking histological examination of endometrial cells. Radiography of the brain, to exclude the presence of tumors of the pituitary or hypothalamus. Modern medicine also offers a "hysterosalpinography" procedure, in which a special contrast medium is introduced into the uterine cavity, and the patency of the fallopian tubes, the thickness of the endometrium, is displayed on the monitor. Treatment, appointed by a doctor, depends on the patient's age, the form of the disease and the causes that led to its development. Most often the main treatment is hormone therapy. After the first course of treatment with hormones, a second examination is performed. Usually, one hormone therapy is enough that the functions of the female body will work as it should, if the treatment does not have an effect, the treatment with hormones is repeated. Vitaminotherapy, treatment of iron deficiency anemia and herbal medicine are also used in the treatment of menstrual irregularities.
If in the menstrual cycle of the girl, there are violations and problems, she necessarily needs a consultation with the gynecologist, since an untimely visit to the doctor can lead to the development of infertility and other serious gynecological diseases.