As you know, a person's teeth are temporary (dairy) and permanent. Genetically, we must have 20 dairy and 32 permanent teeth. The process of erupting temporary teeth begins at the age of about 6 months and ends at 2.5-3 years. The change of milk teeth to permanent teeth occurs from 5-7 to 12-14 years. For some reason, many mistakenly call permanent teeth root. In fact, there are roots in both temporary and permanent teeth. Simply by the time of the change, the roots of the baby teeth are normally resorbed. And when you delete, it seems that they were not there. It is also said that temporary teeth are called dairy, because only during their availability is it useful for a person to consume milk. According to another version, the child's temporary teeth are fed from the mother's milk.
Something about baby teeth
Normally, the baby's teeth are removed only because of their physiological change. The loss of temporary teeth for other reasons is called premature. Premature removal of milk teeth does not pass without a trace. Complications after removal of milk teeth can be very serious - the dental arch shortens, permanent teeth that erupt in the place of the removed dairy, do not fit into it, occupy the wrong position. Permanent teeth, therefore, have a name that should last a lifetime. Premature removal of dairy and permanent teeth is justified only by orthodontic indications. For example, to correct the bite. Loss of teeth for other reasons is, in most cases, the fault of their master.
According to doctors, in 25% -50% of cases, milk teeth are removed prematurely. Less is typical for children in large cities, more for children from district centers. In most cases (80% -98%) temporary teeth are removed due to complicated caries. The doctors found that the teeth previously treated in connection with complicated caries are removed less often than untreated teeth. Permanent teeth in children are more often removed by orthodontic indications.
Why do we lose our teeth?
All indications for the removal of teeth are divided into absolute (no doubt) and relative. Prematurely, baby teeth are removed: for complicated caries (periodontitis, periostitis, osteomyelitis), according to orthodontic indications, as a result of trauma (fracture, dislocation). Permanent teeth are removed: due to complicated caries, periodontal diseases (tissues holding the tooth), orthodontic indications, as a result of trauma. The main causes of tooth extraction in adults are: complicated caries and periodontal disease. Disappointing statistics indicate the need to improve personal oral hygiene, timely dental treatment and the conduct, with a view to preventing periodontal disease, occupational oral hygiene.
Dental extraction and complications
Now let's talk about the very removal of the tooth. Under the operation of tooth extraction is understood the sum of the effects produced in a certain sequence, as a result of which the tooth or its root is extracted from the socket. With this intervention, apart from a periodontal rupture, there is also some widening of the entrance to the hole, which is necessary for removing divergent roots from it.
After tooth extraction, certain complications occur. There are physiological changes not only on that part of the alveolar process, where the tooth was located, but also in the region of neighboring teeth. And often the dentition of the opposite jaw. In addition, there is a violation of the chewing function. All this is due to the fact that after tooth extraction, there is atrophy of bone tissue in the area of its socket. As well as the displacement of neighboring teeth in the direction of the missing tooth, leading to disruption of contacts between them. The ratio of these teeth to the teeth of the opposite jaw is disturbed, and the vertical movement also occurs. And if the loss of one tooth does not significantly affect the function of chewing, then the removal of several teeth significantly reduces the quality of chewing food.
Important in the loss of certain teeth, mainly the front, have cosmetic consequences. And also the possibility of speech function disruption. This leads to the need for prosthetics. But we should always remember that no denture fully replaces the native tooth.
One must also think about the consequences that arise when untimely removal of a diseased tooth affected by a pathological process. The fact is that its preservation in certain diseases (osteomyelitis, phlegmon) developing in surrounding tissues, can lead to serious complications, up to a fatal outcome (absolute indications for removal). All of the above indicates that the operation of tooth extraction is a serious dental intervention. It should be conducted taking into account all the positive and negative consequences, according to strict medical indications, determined by the dentist.
Urgent or planned?
Dental extraction can be carried out in an emergency and planned manner. Depending on the general condition of the patient, the operation is performed in a clinic or in a hospital. Obviously, emergency surgery is performed in cases where the delay in death is similar. And, of course, there are no contraindications for him. Contraindications to the planned removal of the teeth are relative and can be general and local. General: diseases of the blood, central nervous system, acute infectious diseases, diseases of the parenchymal organs, cardiovascular system in the stage of exacerbation. Local: inflammatory processes in the pharynx and in the oral cavity (sore throat, herpetic infection, stomatitis), tumors (especially unclear etiology).
Some consider it a contraindication to the removal of the tooth pregnancy - in connection with the possibility of miscarriage or premature birth. However, specially conducted studies have shown that the removal of the tooth does not negatively affect the normally occurring pregnancy. The most favorable for tooth extraction is the period from the 3rd to the 7th month of pregnancy. However, it is necessary to consider a preliminary examination of a pregnant obstetrician-gynecologist.
Do not serve as a contraindication to the removal of the tooth and breast-feeding. At the same time, when planning pregnancy, it is necessary to sanitize the oral cavity. That is, heal or remove problem teeth. Removal of the tooth during menstruation, should, if there is no indication for emergency intervention, postponed for several days. This is due to the possible abundant bleeding from the socket of the removed tooth. With blood diseases (hemophilia, thrombopenia, leukemia) and other common diseases in the acute stage, it is recommended to perform surgical intervention in a hospital. If there are no indications for urgent intervention, doctors conduct preliminary medical treatment of the patient for a certain period. With acute infections in the oral cavity and nasopharynx, the extraction of the tooth should be postponed to the end of the disease, if possible.
Helpful Tips
To prevent serious complications after tooth extraction, listen to the following tips:
- To remove the teeth in a planned manner is better in the morning.
- Special preparation for surgery is not required for a healthy person. It is only necessary to prepare psychologically for possible long-term surgical intervention. After all, teeth are not always removed at the same time. Prepare for a sense of crunching, the sound of mucosal rupture, a feeling of pressure on the tooth and so on.
- Before removing the tooth, it is recommended, if possible, to have a good rest. You can not starve, because a strong physical fatigue and hunger predispose to the development of fainting, collapse and shock.
- With considerable psychological imbalance, it is shown (on doctor's prescription) use for several days before removal of the corresponding drugs (bromides and barbiturates).
- The slight bleeding that occurs as a result of rupture of the vessels of the gum in the circumference of the tooth and periodontium usually stops after 2-5 minutes after tooth extraction. At this time on the mouth of the hole impose a gauze ball.
- Under normal conditions, the socket of the removed tooth is filled with a blood clot, which is a protection against the penetration of infection into it. To not wash the blood clot, rinse your mouth after tooth extraction is not recommended.
- For the same purpose, it is not recommended to eat for two hours.
After 2 weeks, a large part of the well is filled with a granulation tissue. Then it becomes covered by the mucous membrane, and in the depths of it there is the formation of bone tissue. By the end of the 3rd month after the removal of the tooth, the hole is filled with bone tissue. And after 6 months the tissues in the area of the former hole are no different from those around them.
Trauma holes during removal and the presence of an inflammatory process cause pain and slow healing processes. In the absence of complications in the postoperative period, the healing of the well proceeds painlessly.