It is widely believed that girls learn to speak before boys, but mostly the development of speech is very individual. This process is influenced by many factors, both psychological and physiological.
There is a certain norm of speech development in children. If a child under the age of 4 years is behind her, he is diagnosed with a delay in the development of speech (ZRR). But do not panic about this. Children who have a delay, achieve the same success in speech skills as other children, only a little later.
- During the first eight months of life, children begin to pronounce individual sounds, most often, they are "a" and "m".
- By 10-14 months, children begin to understand and react when they are addressed, and to draw attention to themselves they use different sounds, and not just crying.
- At the age of 14-18 months, children are able at the request of adults to show on some familiar objects in the room, on the street or in pictures.
- When a child reaches 18-24 months, his vocabulary consists not only of the names of the subjects, but also includes the notation of various actions. The kid at this age can already fulfill such requests, as, for example, "give me a ball" and "bring a hare".
- In 2-3 years, children are able to pronounce individual words and build simple completed sentences, for example "Mom, Give."
- By 3-4 years, children learn to form more complex sentences, for example, "Dad went to work".
It is important to take these norms into account when monitoring the development of the baby's speech, this will help in a timely manner to seek the help of a neurologist if necessary. Particular attention should be paid if the child in 4 years is not able to build sentences and most of the sounds are pronounced incorrectly.
The development of speech may be delayed due to psychological or neurological reasons, as well as due to hearing impairment. Therefore, the diagnosis of ZRD can be established only after a comprehensive examination of the child by a psychologist, neuropathologist and speech therapist. Treatment of delayed development of the child depends on the reasons.
If a child is given little attention and does not speak to him, he has no one to learn to speak, and he begins to lag behind in speech development. But the same effect is observed in the opposite situation - when a child is surrounded by excessive care, guesses all his desires before he expresses them. In this case, the baby simply does not need to learn to speak. The described reasons for ZRD are psychological. For their correction, it is necessary to further stimulate the speech of the child and conduct special sessions with speech therapists. And on the part of parents, the child will need attention and affection.
Causes of delay in the development of speech can serve and various neurological problems - the slow maturation of the corresponding nerve cells or disease and brain damage. In this case, the neuropathologist prescribes drugs that improve the blood circulation of the brain and increase its integrative function. To stimulate brain regions responsible for the development of speech, a transcranial micro-polarization procedure can be prescribed. The essence of this technique is that the brain areas are exposed to a very weak electric current. As a result of the procedure, speech development, memory and attention are normalized.
Another cause of ZRD in a child may be hearing loss or deafness. In this case, normalize the child's speech development will help determine it in a specialized kindergarten.