Weight and height of the baby
During the first month of life, a newborn (this is the name of the baby for the first month of life) collects about 600 g, i.е. Each new day brings an additional 20 grams of weight to the crumb. This is somewhat less than in the following months, since during the very first week of life all healthy children necessarily "decrease" in weight, they have a phenomenon of weight loss (on average, the baby loses 5-8% of the original weight). The reasons for this are the allocation of a rather large amount of original feces (meconium) and the receipt of a relatively small amount of milk in the first days of life, with a considerable amount of energy consumed. It is interesting that children born on time (that is, with full term pregnancy), but having a small body weight, may gain more intensively in the first month, as if catching up with their initially more well-fed peers. But premature babies gain a lot more slowly. The growth of the baby for the first month increases by an average of 3 cm.
Sleep and wakefulness
The newborn's sleep takes about 18 hours a day. Relatively speaking, a child of this age wakes up mostly just to eat. The wakefulness itself is rather short, limited to 15-20 minutes. It is not as active as in the subsequent months of life, and, as a rule, precedes feeding. For a monthly infants it is characteristic to fall asleep immediately after a meal or even during feeding. Of course, the baby can wake up between feedings. As a rule, this happens when there is a "weighty" reason - a wet diaper, an uncomfortable position, a loud sound that has woken up the crumbs.
Walking time
The length of stay in the open air is determined by the weather. In the summer with the crumb begin to walk almost the next day after discharge from the maternity hospital. Begin walks from 20-30 minutes, their duration gradually increases, reaching about a week after the discharge of the baby 1,5-2 hours, i.е. walks can take almost all the time between feedings. Optimum in good weather is considered to stay at least two times a day. In the cold season, the baby is allowed to adapt at home for 2 days, and then he is also "taken out". Of course, paying attention to the air temperature (not lower than 10 ° C), the absence of a sharp wind. Begin walks from 10 minutes, gradually increasing the duration of stay on the street to 30-40 minutes and even 1 hour, depending on the weather conditions.
What can a baby?
A healthy child of the first month of life is inherent in all unconditioned physiological reflexes, which refer to "congenital". The pediatrician, examining such a baby, checks how well the baby grabs the finger, pushes the feet from the palm in the supine position, rests on the feet with support in the vertical position and other reflexes. In general, the child still lacks coordination of movements, they are chaotic. By the end of the first month, a healthy baby, lying on his stomach, is able to keep his head raised for a short time. In addition, there should be a short-term fixation of a glance on a bright toy. By this time, the baby can begin to smile at the gentle appeal to him.
Feeding crumbs
As already mentioned, the first month of life as a whole represents the time of adaptation of the child to extrauterine existence. This applies to nutrition. Breastfeeding breast usually lacks a clear mode of eating. The kid eats as often as he wants. This is the regime of free feeding. During the day the baby of the first month of life is applied to the breast on average 8-12 times. If the baby requires breast more often, do not rush to panic. Crumbs are still developing their feeding regimen, it is quite possible they will be more orderly after a while. It should be remembered that requiring a breast often, the child not only receives drops of priceless mother's milk, but also satisfies its sucking reflex, which is very important for its proper neurological development. A toddler who is on artificial feeding, in the first 2 weeks of life should receive an adapted mixture 8 times a day at regular intervals. At the age of more than 2 weeks, the child is allowed (but not necessarily) to have a night break, i. E. the frequency of feeding is 7 times a day with a 6-hour night rest. Usually such children between feedings 1-2 times a day offer a small amount of water as a drink. If the baby's mass at birth was more than 3200 g, use the first version of the formula, if less - the second. The obtained value is divided by the number of feedings, thus calculating the required single volume of the mixture. After 10-14 days, the baby eats a day's food equal to the volume of V5 from its mass.
Examination
In 1 month the child is subject to mandatory ultrasound examination for the diagnosis of hip joint pathology (their dysplasia, congenital dislocation). In addition, ultrasound of the brain (neurosonography - NSH) and ultrasound of internal organs (most often - the organs of the abdominal cavity, kidneys). According to current standards of examination, at the age of one month each child needs to make an electrocardiogram - ECG (graphic display of the biopotentials of the working heart).
Stool and urination
In the first days of life, the frequency of urination is small - from 1-2 in the first day to 8-15 on the 5th day. By the end of the first month, a child can urinate 20-25 times per day. Rare urination in the first days of life are associated with the characteristics of the work is not yet fully functional in terms of kidney kid. And the amount of liquid consumed in the early days is small. The baby's chair of the first month is very variable in frequency and nature. In the first 1-2 days a dense, first-born feces of a greenish-brown color is distinguished, called meconium. Then it is noted that the transitional stool is quite frequent, up to 6-8 times a day, changeable in character (with greens, mucus, undigested lumps). After the days of life, the stool of the baby is yellow, mushy, has a sour smell. The frequency of defecation is from 3 to 5-8 times a day. In children, "artificial" stool, as a rule, is more rare - an average of 3-4 times a day. If the baby receives breast milk, which is very well absorbed, there may also be episodes of stool delay for 1-2 days, not accompanied by bloating, belching or restlessness of the crumbs.
Inoculations
While still in the maternity hospital, the child has time to get 2 vaccines - against hepatitis B (on the first day of life) and tuberculosis (on the 3rd-7th day). In a polyclinic at the age of 1 month, repeatedly against hepatitis. Only those children who are at high risk (if their mothers are carriers of the hepatitis B virus or are infected with hepatitis B, or suffered the disease shortly before the birth) are vaccinated. Also in i month a second dose of a vaccine against hepatitis. In should receive children, if in their home environment there are virus carriers or patients with acute or chronic form. What doctors need to visit In 1 month the child for the first time goes to the reception in a children's polyclinic. In addition to a pediatrician, according to the recommendations of the current order, a neurologist, a pediatric surgeon and an orthopedic trauma specialist should examine the baby. If there is evidence, the list of specialists who examine a child in 1 month, can be expanded. For example, a baby can be advised by an ophthalmologist or cardiologist. Now we know how the child develops after birth.