Features of child development in four years are as follows. In four years the child learns to be friends. To play alone is already boring, it's much more interesting to do this with someone. Usually children play in small groups. Sometimes these groups become permanent in composition. So the first friends appear - those with whom the child is easiest to find mutual understanding. He is very worried if nobody wants to play with him. And the relationship of children at this age is greatly influenced by the assessments of adults. For example, no one wants to be friends with hooligans, who are constantly scolded by caregivers. Therefore, try not to give negative assessments to other children in the child.
The four-year-old is already able to listen and hear, so more often read not only tales and stories, but also something cognitive. After all, if before, he studied the world through observations and experiments, but now this is not enough for him. "Where do the children come from?", "Why does it snow?", "Why does the cat have a tail?". The answers to these questions he himself can not find.
Thanks to your stories, watching cognitive telecasts, video films the child breaks away from the world in which he lives every day. It turns out that somewhere far away there are deserts where there is one sand around, but there is the North Pole and Antarctica, where snow always lies and penguins live. Karapuzu is interesting animals, which he saw only on TV or in the picture, he listens carefully to stories about the ocean, about other countries and people who live in them. And the kids love stories from the life of parents or other people.
Now the child likes to work, help his mother, to realize himself meaningful and useful. Therefore, be sure to involve him in joint work, try to do with him a variety of household chores. Do them with interest, so that the child enjoyed. He will be proud if you often ask him for help: "Sashenka, I really need your help. Please sweep the floor. Or wipe the dust. " Or so: "Today, you and I should clean in the apartment." Be sure to praise the little helper for your patience and help, even if not everything goes well with him.
During this period, he may be overcome by the fear of losing his mother's love. Therefore, some children are very painful to endure any punishment, even an increase in tone. It seems to them that since mother scolds, then he is bad, and he is no longer loved. In order for a child to develop a high self-esteem, it is not enough to tell him how you love him, how wonderful he is. The value of the individual must be measured by some real deeds. To do this, it is necessary for the child to have some abilities or skills. I was able to do something well and even better than others - it would help him to be proud of himself. Try to make sure that the child does not feel like a helpless little man, on whom nothing depends. Sometimes it's even worth thinking out situations that would give him the opportunity to prove himself in practice, to experience difficulties.
In four years, the children are already sufficiently clear and meaningful to talk, so that they can be talked to on abstract topics. They already have a sufficient supply of words. They begin to grammatically correctly construct phrases, normally pronounce sounds. The majority of children at this age correctly pronounce such difficult for the mastering "s", "e", "x", more clearly pronounces whistling sounds, there is a sound "c". Some can already get complicated sizzling, "l" and "p". But, as a rule, most of the kids continue to replace them with simpler sounds. Of course, the four-year plan is not yet able to communicate logically, coherently and clearly about why Vova and Sasha fought in the kindergarten. Or sensibly retell the story read. Therefore, you have to ask many clarifying questions in order to understand something.
Similarly, the child will not be able to describe the content of the plot picture. At best, he will name objects, characters, or list the actions that they are taking: the bunny is jumping, the bun is rolling. He already has the strength of small sayings and even poems. However, the big ones too. If every evening to go to bed under "At the Lukomorye Oak Green ...", then a month or two later one evening the kid will give it to you verbatim. He will tell "on the machine", not understanding the meaning of half the words. Well, let. This is also a good memory training.
However, as a rule, children at this age try not only to memorize words, but also to comprehend them, to find the connection between the subject and its name. Therefore, often they begin to invent their own, as they think, the right words. Some words they change by analogy with others. Sometimes it turns out wrong, but funny: a microbe, windows, people, on a coat. The best pearls are not too lazy to write, after many, many years will be something to laughed at.
The child during this period is actively interested in her own sexual organs, learns that boys and girls are not alike. It is during this period that they can hear the question: "Where do the children come from?" During this period, boys experience the so-called Oedipus complex, and the girls - the complex Electra. If you do not go into the subtleties, then in brief it means that the child begins to experience an attraction to the parent of the opposite sex. The boy wants to take his father's place next to his mother and sees it as an ideal woman. And the child's phrase: "Mom, when I grow up, I'll marry you!" - a direct confirmation of this. Gradually the boy realizes that he can not compete with the pope, he has a fear of being punished, which forces him to abandon the idea of marrying his mother. If at first the kid was jealous of the pope, then this feeling comes to be replaced by a desire to be like him in everything. After all, my mother loves people like Dad. Girls, accordingly, dream to catch the daddy. But, having suppressed the attraction to the father, they begin to identify themselves with the mother. Becoming similar to her own mother, the baby thereby increases the likelihood in the future of finding a man who looks like a father.
Strict bans, abuse and intimidation "on this topic" will only inflict harm on the child. The child still will not cease to be interested in the theme of the sexes, and the fear of being punished can turn him into a neurotic and in the future affect the intimate life in the form of frigidity or impotence. At the same time, too much to indulge in this is also not worth it. Both of these scenarios are equally harmful. This will lead to fixation of the child at the phallic stage of development. Growing up, such people pay great attention to their own body, do not miss the opportunity to put it on display, like to dress nicely and defiantly. Men behave self-confidently and brazenly. Love wins are associated with life success. Constantly strive to prove to themselves and others their male viability. That's where the Don Juanians come from! Of girls with a fixation, at this stage, coquette grows. This is at best. Such ladies tend to be prone to promiscuous sexual relations, a constant desire to flirt and seduce. So parents have something to think about. After all, according to Freud, the further fate of the child depends on their actions much more than they think.
Development of a child from 4 to 5 years.
Mental
- Any assignment, which the child receives from adults, seeks to fulfill.
- Differs good memory, easily remembers a rather long poem.
- He plays well with another child and practically does not quarrel with him.
Physical
- He walks on the heels.
- Completely self-dresses.
- Playing games with the ball.
- Can jump in place or move forward.
Mental
- Calls numbers from 1 to 10.
- Uses the future tense of verbs.
- Understands prepositional-case constructions with prepositions: on, under, before, about.
- Repeats sentences of 5-7 words.
- He calls the cubs 4-5 animals.
- He calls the antonyms by analogy.
Having become acquainted with the developmental features of the child in four years, you can avoid some common mistakes in the upbringing of children.