Together with the doctors of the popular TV series, we, sitting in front of the TV, conduct complicated operations. But many people have no idea how to properly treat the wound and apply a tight bandage. But with a huge number of troubles in everyday life, it is enough to know just a few rules of first aid, and you are armed to fight with domestic trauma. Even if you never get lost in such situations and are always ready to help the victim, check yourself: do you do everything right.
First aid in case of injury and fracture
Let's start with the simplest and most common encounter - providing first aid with a bruise. Usually we simply do not pay attention to bruises - it will hurt and stop. At best, we'll apply something cold to the bruise. However, in the case when the blow was very strong, a large bruise appeared and the bruised place was very swollen - make sure that the hematoma does not pulsate. In this case, it is advisable to consult a doctor. Otherwise, blood from damaged small vessels can be regenerated. Outwardly it will not look aesthetic. If you consult a doctor, he will remove the blood from the tissues, pierce the place of the injury. Such serious cases, fortunately, are rare. In case of an easier trauma, it is enough to apply cold for the first two days, and then apply heat. In addition, pharmacy counters have enough different ointments to help the bruise get off faster.
There are not so many people in the world that fate has saved from fractures - legs, hands, or at least a finger. However, despite the fact that many people know by their own experience what feelings you are experiencing, only with the help of an X-ray can you accurately distinguish a fracture from bruising or stretching. But there are characteristic signs in the fracture: a bruise and bruise form at the site of the injury. As a rule, attempts to move a limb do not give results, but there is unusual mobility in the place of injury. Legs and arms begin to bend in the most unexpected places and in completely unintended nature. Unlike the fracture, the joint shape is deformed during dislocation. Trying to straighten anything in a damaged arm or leg can not. First, you can plunge the victim into a state of painful shock. Secondly, turn a normal fracture into a fracture with a bias. The first medical aid is to ensure complete immobility for the damaged part of the body. To do this, use bandages and tires, you can even use planks and any strip of material. Shinning - even in the field is a simple matter. Meanwhile, several general rules must be observed:
- The tire is laid over the shoes and clothes, the injured person should not undress. If there is a suspicion of an open fracture or there is another wound, cut the clothes and put on an antiseptic bandage;
- It is impossible to tighten bandages too tightly when the tire is applied - this will disrupt the blood circulation. If the fracture is accompanied by arterial bleeding, then a tourniquet is applied before splinting;
- The tire should not be too short - you need to fix the two nearest joints to the fracture.
- If at hand there is nothing like a tire, then the damaged leg should be tied to a healthy one, and the arm should be suspended on a kerchief, making a corner out of it. In any case, even if you are not sure that you are really dealing with a fracture, it is better to hedge and fix the damaged part of the body.
Provision of first aid for wounds
The second most common attack - all sorts of cuts. This also includes dissection, punctured wounds and similar troubles. First of all, you need to make sure that the wound is clean. If any dirt gets into it, it must be rinsed with cold water. The edges of the wound (but only the edges! Iodine in the wound is a tissue burn) should be treated with iodine or zelenka. And, if the dissection or cut is large enough, and, apparently, it is necessary to impose seams, it is better to choose iodine for disinfection. In this case, the doctor will be better able to see the edges of the wound.
With any such damage, bleeding opens, so first aid is needed. With a small capillary bleeding, a constant companion of domestic troubles, a clean (and, preferably, sterile) bandage, or even a plaster, is enough. The main thing is that dirt does not get into the wound. Do not make the bandage too tight, violating blood circulation, but it should not slip. Correctly applied bandage will protect from infection, absorb the secret from the wound and stop the bleeding.
If you do not just cut yourself, but hurt the vein, it's much worse, but not fatal. The main thing is to take measures in time. The blood in this case will flow from the wound with a dark red slow uniform stream. To stop such bleeding, you will need to make a pressure bandage. To do this, over the bandages, for example from the bandage, apply a tightly rolled roller of gauze or a handkerchief, tighten or tighten it quite tightly. The pressure bandage can also be used with strong capillary and bleeding from small arteries.
Arterial bleeding is the most dangerous injury. In this case, the bright scarlet blood beats from the wound with a pulsating stream. Provide medical assistance in case of damage to the artery quickly, because there is a real danger that a person will die from a loss of blood. To stop the blood, it is necessary to apply a tourniquet above the injury site, but as close to the wound as possible. If you do not have a special rubber harness in your medicine cabinet, ladies' kapron tights or stockings will do the job. It is necessary to squeeze the artery exactly enough to stop the bleeding, not stronger and not weaker. And keep in mind that after one and a half - two hours (and in the cold an hour later), the tourniquet should be removed at least for half a minute or a minute to avoid necrosis of the tissues. And then you can apply it again, but slightly higher than the previous one. However, with a particularly severe bleeding, this is preferred not to be done, because a few extra seconds can cost a person's life.
First aid in case of injury
Unfortunately, people sometimes forget that some machinery in production, sharp implements in the farm require special attention in handling them. And sometimes the result of negligence can be the clipping of a part of the body: the phalanx of the finger, or even the hands or feet. With today's level of medicine and surgical operations, you can sew part of the body back. In order for this to become possible, medical assistance should be provided in time. First, we must immediately call an ambulance. Secondly, quickly place the cut off part of the body in a plastic bag, then put in another bag, with ice. Wash the wound with cold water and tightly bandage with a sterile bandage or cloth. Approximate sterility of the dressing can be achieved by ironing the fabric with a hot iron. Further success will depend on how quickly you fall into the hands of microsurgeons.
In cases where the wound is contaminated, for example, if you are injured, transplanting a flower or weeding the beds, it is better to use the professional help of doctors. In the land there lives a tetanus pathogen, and one should not underestimate this man's enemy. As a completely superfluous precaution, doctors are advised to go to the emergency room for surgical treatment of the wound and tetanus vaccination. Since this disease is dangerous, with severe consequences, and the treatment is very difficult. Just in case, we recall that the harbingers of tetanus are sometimes drawn pains in the wound and convulsive twitching of nearby muscles.
If your wound is caused by a bite of an animal (especially unfamiliar), then it should be washed with soap and water, preferably with household soap. The alkali contained in it kills the causative agents of rabies. This disease is deadly and incurable, so in such cases it is also worth contacting the emergency room. And the doctor will decide if you need vaccinations.
First aid for burns
What is burns, probably, you do not need to explain to anyone. But the rules of the first medical aid recall. Remember, lubricating the burn is not what you need, you can get a grade II from a tissue damage of 1 degree (redness and a small swelling). As a rule, we often encounter these two degrees in everyday life. With a small 1 degree burn, it is enough to hold the affected part of the body under cold water. The pain will help to calm the anesthetic cans with foam. You can use a 70% alcohol or cologne with a large burn area. The reddened place should be wiped with cotton wool soaked in one of these liquids. You can use the worst at the end of ordinary vodka. This same method will help you if you are burned in the sun.
Second-degree burns are also treated with alcohol. After this, place a sterile bandage on top. In no case formed bubbles do not need to pierce! An infection can get into the wound. If you unfortunately had to face with burns of III - IV degree, know that your help should be limited only by calling the "First Aid" and imposing a sterile bandage. You can not tear off pieces of clothing attached to it from the wound, they can only be cut off along the border of the burn. The bandage should be applied directly over them.
In cases of burns, do not forget that the severity of the situation directly depends on the size of the damaged surface of the body. With a large area of damage, any burns cause general ailments - from burn shock to toxemia (poisoning the body with the products of tissue decay).
First aid in case of unconsciousness
In past ages ladies and ladies from the upper world were very fond of falling into fainting at every opportunity. Therefore, they carried along with them, along with all the necessary female tricks, bottles with smelling salt. We, today's, are far from being so pampered, and we do not wear corsets either. But no, no, and it happens to see how the future young mother settles on the ground. Or the girl who has decided to starve herself, but does not collect any calories, loses consciousness.
Causes that can provoke a syncope, there is a mass. This is a sharp transition from a horizontal position to a vertical, heat stroke, severe pain, violent excitement, fright. Do not think that loss of consciousness is something that is not essential. During the fall, you can get various injuries. Fainting usually lasts one to two minutes. During this time, it is necessary to have time to provide first aid.
A person who has lost consciousness must be laid. It is clear our desire to arrange a person more comfortable, but nothing to put in this case is not necessary. On the contrary, the head should be thrown back. It would be very useful ammonia in such a situation. It can be replaced with vinegar or cologne. Give the unconscious smell of cotton wool, moistened with any of these funds, oil him with whiskey. Loss of consciousness is due to insufficient blood supply to the brain. Therefore, when providing medical assistance to a person who is in a faint, so that the blood rises to the head, you should raise your legs. Having weakened all the breath-holding fasteners and ties, disperse all curious, gathered to stare so that they do not interfere with the access of fresh air. To the chest and face it is useful to put a towel soaked in cold water. After a person regains consciousness, it is good to give a person strong coffee or tea.
No matter how great the desire to quickly provide first aid for various injuries, you should first call an ambulance or call a doctor. With the first medical help, the main thing is not to hurt the victim even more. Therefore, helping, one must be sure of the correctness of their actions and not experiment with health. Do not invent new methods that are not known to science.