If a woman during pregnancy eats too little, and weight gain is not enough, then there is a risk that the baby will have insufficient body weight (less than 2.5 kg). This can lead to the child's various physical or psychological problems. Malnutrition during pregnancy usually does more harm than overeating. The lack of nutrition in the mother can lead to brain damage and metabolic disorders in the baby. Often, the drop in the level of the hormone estrogen, which entails a threat of miscarriage. That's why it is extremely important for a woman to know how to gain weight properly during pregnancy without harm to herself and her baby.
What are the limits of the norm.
It's important to eat well for a woman, of course, but it's also undesirable to gain weight for a future mother during pregnancy. Excessively large weight gain increases the risk of pre-eclampsia (late toxicosis) and so-called diabetes of pregnant women. Diabetes associated with pregnancy can lead to the birth of a child with excess weight (more than 4 kg). Pre-eclampsia leads to life-threatening high blood pressure and often leads to more serious disorders that provoke convulsions. In addition, a woman who has seriously exceeded the rate of weight gain for pregnancy may experience various difficulties during childbirth. A sharp increase in weight during pregnancy will also be an impediment in the future when trying to lose weight after childbirth.
Basically, the optimal weight for pregnancy depends on the woman's initial weight before pregnancy. And, the smaller the initial weight, the more it can be typed during pregnancy.
• If the weight is initially lower than the norm - the kit can be 12,5 - 18 kg.
• At the normal initial weight - 11 - 16 kg.
• At excess initial weight - 7 - 11 kg.
• For obesity before pregnancy, 6 kg or less (as recommended by your doctor).
• In the presence of multiple pregnancy - 17 - 21 kg (regardless of their own weight).
How to calculate the body mass index correctly? For this, the weight value of the body must be divided by the height in squares in meters.
The index is less than 18.5 - the weight is inadequate.
Index of 18 to 25 - the weight is normal.
The index of 25 to 30 - the weight is excessive.
The index is more than 30 - morbid obesity.
On what do all these kilograms, collected during pregnancy, go?
• Child from 3 to 3.5 kg.
• Placenta 0.5 kg.
• Uterus about 1 kg
• Amelong water 1 kg.
• Increased breast volume 500 g.
• Additional blood volume - 1.5 kg.
• Water in the body of a woman 1,5-2 kg
• Fat deposits in the mother 3-4 kg.
The optimal rate of weight gain.
This process is purely individual. It is possible in some months to collect more, and in some much less. In some women, weight begins to recruit from the first days of pregnancy, then gradually the rate of recruitment falls. In others, on the contrary, weight can start to be dialed sharply only after 20 weeks. Each of the options is perfectly normal, if it does not go beyond the boundaries of the optimal set. At the initially normal weight for the first trimester, you need to gain an average of 1.5 kg (2 kg - with a lack of weight, 800 g - with excess).
During the second and third trimester, weight gain is dramatically accelerated. Women with a normal weight between 14 and 28 weeks of pregnancy can safely recruit about 300 grams every week. On the ninth month before birth, weight can gradually decrease - by 0.5-1 kg - this is normal. This condition is caused by the preparation of the organism for future childbirth.
How much to eat.
Although a woman has to gain a lot of weight during pregnancy, in order to give birth to a child of normal size, it is important to gain weight correctly, and therefore, to eat right. American scientists have found that only the increase in fat-free mass, and not the increase in fat, can affect the size of the child. The more fat a woman picks up during pregnancy, the more excess fat she has after childbirth. Increasing the same lean mass, on the contrary, does not affect the total weight of the woman after childbirth. It is incorrect and even dangerous to say that during pregnancy a woman should eat "for two".
In the first trimester, you will need only 200 extra calories daily, in the second and third - 300 calories. It is necessary to try, that these additional calories were taken from useful products: muesli or cereal with milk or yoghurt with fresh fruits. Perhaps, hunger will be felt starting from the 12th week of pregnancy. At this time, the blood levels of the hormone estrogen, stimulating appetite, increases. If an increase in appetite does not lead to excess weight gain, then this is quite normal.
Pregnant women should not be hungry and addicted to unloading days. If the rate of weight gain is too high, you must first limit the use of sweets and animal fat. Do not limit yourself in getting complex carbohydrates, especially in black bread, cereals, as well as in vegetables and fruits. Sharp jumps in weight lead to a sharp increase in pressure, which is already dangerous in itself during pregnancy. If you decide that you are gaining too much, you do not need to drastically reduce the amount of food you eat, and do it gradually.
You need to try not to eat a lot of chocolate. In addition to a large amount of fats and calories, it contains a lot of caffeine, which prevents the body from absorbing folic acid and iron, which in turn responds to the delivery of oxygen to the baby. Caffeine, in addition, worsens the absorption of calcium. It is also necessary to limit the use of strong black tea and coffee.
At a toxicosis all the same it is necessary to eat, let and smaller portions. An empty stomach releases more acid, which begins to eat away the walls of the stomach, which also leads to nausea. Swelling in pregnancy is normal. If the kidneys function normally, then do not limit yourself to the liquid. You should drink at least six standard glasses of clean water a day, and be sure to drink if you feel thirsty. After all, amniotic fluid is completely renewed every three hours, and for this you can not do without water.