They colonize the baby's body as soon as it is born. And this, as a rule, is quite peaceful coexistence. The child and his microorganisms do not just live in harmony, they derive maximum benefit from this. Microbes get important nutrients for them and unnecessary to the baby, while simultaneously producing a number of enzymes that help the child to digest food. Bacteria regulate absorption in the intestinal tract of bile acids, some hormones and cholesterol, take part in the regulation of water-salt metabolism. In addition, many substances vital to the child are allocated: vitamins, antibacterial factors, hormones. "Its" microbes can neutralize pathogenic organisms, various toxins, and serve as sources of energy. Invaluable role these microorganisms play in the formation and maintenance of the proper functioning of immunity, counteract malignant neoplasms. How to treat dysbacteriosis in an infant and what are the first symptoms of the disease - all this in the article.
How is the microflora formed?
In the mother's belly, the baby does not receive any microbes - this is taken care of by the placenta and amniotic membranes. Therefore, the intestines and all other organs of the baby are sterile. When passing through the birth canal, the baby contacts the microbes that live in them. Usually they are populating the skin, eyes and mouth of the baby, and through the umbilical cord, the mother transmits antibodies to this microflora. Thus, the baby is already ready for contact with the first microorganisms in his life - his immune system is fully capable of controlling their vital functions. The next important step in the development of the microflora of the body is the first application to the breast. You need to do this in the first hours of the baby's appearance. And that's why. Microorganisms coming in colostrum, and later with milk from their mother, enter the stomach where the part is digested, but due to the low activity of hydrochloric acid, a certain amount enters the large intestine, where they multiply. Thus, by the end of the first week of life, crumbs in his intestine can detect about 10-15 different types of microorganisms. When colonization of the intestine, they constantly lead a "competitive struggle" between themselves. This temporary unstable balance of the composition of the microflora - the so-called physiological dysbacteriosis, which in a healthy child lasts from 3-4 weeks to 4, and sometimes 5-6 months. But such a state is absolutely normal, it does not require any correction.
Fashion for dysbiosis
But what is dysbiosis? This is a state of the baby's body, in which a pathogenic disease occurs on the site of a normal physiological microflora. The prefix denotes "something is wrong". If you translate the term verbatim - it's some changes in the microflora, deviations from the standard values, but this is not necessarily a disease or pathology. In the last decade, the diagnosis of "dysbiosis" is exposed as often as the diagnosis of "ARD." Although ICD-10 (the main classification of diseases, which should guide all doctors of the world), there is no such diagnosis at all. In the concept of "dysbiosis", if it is only the intestine, there is excessive microbial growth in the small intestine and a change in the microbial composition of the colon. Such violations occur in all children with bowel pathology, constipation, diarrhea and other problems of the digestive system. Therefore, dysbacteriosis can be considered as a manifestation of complications, but not as an independent nosological form. Therefore, you need to treat not dysbiosis, but the violations that caused it. If the problem is resolved, there will be no dysbiosis! But you ask - but what about problems with the stool, various rashes and other manifestations? Do they also have changes in the analysis of feces? Of course, but changing the microbial landscape is a consequence of problems in the body, but not their cause. Yes, sometimes the natural balance of the microflora is disturbed. There are many reasons that lead to such failures: any disease (even if it's a cold), because everything is interconnected in the body, hypothermia, overheating, incorrect feeding and even emotion-filled day. All this leads to a change in the natural ratio of microflora in the body. In healthy children in the body, such disruptions are very short-lived. The initial state of the microflora will be restored in a few hours, maximum per day, if you remove the irritating or damaging factor.
How is it manifested
Dysbiosis is not a disease, but one of the manifestations of an immunodeficiency complex, and it is caused by different causes. Constancy of the intestinal microflora composition is regulated by the child's immune system. Persistent changes in the composition of the intestinal flora always arise as a result of pathological changes in immune responses. Then the body struggles with its own normal microflora and actively suppresses it. Therefore, attempts to colonize the intestines of cola with a normal intestinal flora with the help of bacterial preparations only give temporary success, and it is very rare. It would be desirable to note, that a dysbacteriosis on thoracal feeding does not happen. If the baby feeds on the milk of the mother, and the intestinal problems still arise, they can be either allergies, or lactase deficiency, or age-related functional immaturity (intestinal colic). If a specialist claims that the problem of baby babies is caused by a dysbacteriosis, it is better to consult another specialist.
What is not treated?
When deciding on the possible correction of dysbiosis, the doctor should be guided by the patient's condition. If the tests deviate from the norms, and complaints in this case the child is not observed, this is the norm option for your crumbs. The norm is averaged, and the deviations in different children can sometimes be significant, but this is not an excuse for therapeutic actions. In cases of stool disorders in a child, all possible diseases should be ruled out first, and after the exception, the last cause is dysbiosis.
How to treat
If the dysbacteriosis is still detected, prepare for long-term and multistage treatment. Paradoxically, the first drugs for dysbacteriosis are antibiotics. To colonize the intestines with a useful flora, you must first destroy what is there. In addition, the treatment will be recommended to use various bacteriophages - substances that attach to certain intestinal bacteria and destroy them. In addition to them, special probiotic preparations containing live "useful" bacteria preparations are prescribed, by which "bad" bacteria are displaced. They are selected individually. The second stage after eviction of "bad" microbes is the process of settling "good". Here the course is even longer: first they begin with a 7-10-day course of prebiotics - drugs that create a favorable environment in the lumen of the intestine and help to settle down to the right bacteria. After this, the reception of probiotics - preparations that contain useful intestinal microflora begins. Usually, in parallel with pre- and probiotics, enzyme preparations, sorbents and others are prescribed, that is, the underlying disease is treated. In addition, the doctor will appoint a special diet to the child, enriched with products that have a beneficial effect on the microflora - usually these are sour-milk products and foods rich in pectins and fiber.
About the benefits of breast milk
Breast milk is a unique product that forms a healthy microbial community of the intestine. Crumbs, breastfeeding, and "artificial" have a different composition of the microflora. Bifidobacteria in infants more actively inhibit the growth of opportunistic microbes, maintaining their composition at a consistently low level. The number of lactobacilli is greater in "artificial", but they have more bacteria that can produce intestinal toxins. In addition, "artificial" can not get from the mixture immunoglobulin A (it is contained only in breast milk), and their own has not yet been developed, which leads to a decrease in the protective forces of the body.
Why is it important to apply to the breast early?
Attach the baby to the breast as soon as possible, within the first 30 minutes after birth. Thanks to this, the crumb can get the right microflora. Scientists have proved that the breast milk of a woman in the first week after childbirth contains bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, enterococci and some other microorganisms useful for the baby's intestines. If the first application is postponed for a period of 12 to 24 hours after birth, then only half of the newborns will have the necessary lactic flora, if this is done even later, only a quarter of the children will correctly colonize the bacteria.