Each adult, when completing the medical record, is asked: "What have you been sick from childhood infections?" These are the ailments: measles, rubella, parotitis, chickenpox, and scarlet fever. Immunity to these infections is developed for the rest of your life (at least, most people), and having had ailment once, a person is unlikely to pick it up again. But many of the infections are quite difficult. And it is from such protects vaccination. But even after vaccination of the PDA (measles, rubella and mumps), about 3% of babies can get sick. Knowing about the symptoms, you will be able to quickly help the baby.
Chickenpox
This is an easy infection, so the most frequent association that occurs with the word "chickenpox" is a funny greeting on the forehead. However, it is easy to get chickenpox only to kids until 5-6 years old. In the older age the ailment passes heavier: the temperature rises to 38-39 C. So to some extent the chickenpox in the crumbs is even a pleasant event. He will gain immunity! The disease is caused by the herpes simplex virus type III.
Very contagious
And if someone in the kindergarten group got sick with chickenpox, then do not doubt: the ailment will be picked up by everyone who was in contact. No problem!
Symptoms
The baby gets fever (about 37.5 - 38 C) and literally immediately develops a characteristic bubble rash. And the first specks, usually visible at the junction of the scalp and forehead, in the following days the rash spreads to the entire body. Only the doctor can determine the nature of the rash correctly! Therefore, without delay, call the pediatrician, as soon as a crumb feels unwell.
Treatment
Fortunately, chicken pox runs a maximum of a week. However, not always without a trace. The main task of mom and dad - to prevent the baby from combing the spots. And they itch very much! So the doctor will recommend antihistamine ointments with antipruritic effect, antipyretic (ibuprofen or paracetamol) if the baby does not tolerate the temperature. Traditionally, the rash is greased with diamond green. This is done more so that the doctor can assess the intensity of the spread of the rash and predict the timing of recovery. But still disinfect the specks does not hurt. You can use not only green, but also other antibacterial agents - hydrogen peroxide, fucorcin, methylene blue. Check with the doctor that it's right for your baby! It used to be that children with chickenpox can not be bathed in order to prevent spread of the rash. Now it is clear to physicians: rashes appear due to a virus that acts from within. Therefore, nothing depends on contact with water. Splash on health!
Rubella
The virus is dangerous primarily for pregnant women. In addition, rubella is extremely easy to catch, so for the safety of future mothers vaccinated and included in the national calendar. Toddlers suffer a disease without consequences.
Symptoms
Against the background of high temperature (38-39 C), the baby has a rash: pale-spotted, first on the face and neck, then all over the body. In the crumbs, swollen occipital lymph nodes, sometimes reddens the neck, and there is a runny nose. All this lasts about 3-5 days.
Treatment
There are no specific rubella preparations. The best thing that can be done is to call a doctor and follow his recommendations in order to ease the condition of the youngster. From fever let's febrifuge, plentifully poi a small patient. Rash does not need lubrication - it will disappear without a trace on its own.
Roseola
Sometimes even an experienced pediatrician is difficult to distinguish rubella from roseola - a viral acute disease of mild severity.
Symptoms
And in that, and in another case, the crumbs have a high fever and a rash. That's only with the roseola it often appears on the third day of fever, and not the first, as with rubella. In addition, the rashes are slightly smaller in size and brighter in color.
Treatment
Antibiotics are not necessary for a little, but drugs that relieve swelling of the nasopharynx (with a roseola usually a strong rhinitis and inflammation of the catarrhal pathways) will not interfere. The doctor prescribes medicines. Naturally, it is necessary to fight fever with the help of antipyretic drugs, and also give the baby plenty of fluid - the more, the better.
Parotite
The virus of mumps most often does not pose a threat to the small. Nevertheless, every tenth boy who has transferred mumps to puberty, develops orchitis - an inflammation of the testicles. And in the future it can lead to infertility. That's why children are vaccinated against mumps on a mandatory basis. Why take chances?
Symptoms
In the people, parotitis is called mumps due to specific symptoms: against the background of high fever, the parotid gland swollen around the parotid gland. Because of this, his little face becomes puffy and looks like a mole of a guinea pig. Do not panic! After 7-10 days, everything will return to normal.
Treatment
For any and various diseases of young children, which is accompanied by high temperature, you need to reduce it to acceptable figures - 38 C. Abundant drink - a pledge that the virus will quickly "leave" the body of the crumbs with urine. Keep constantly in mind that a large amount of fluid will prevent dehydration - something that doctors are afraid of at high temperatures in small children. When mumps, doctors prescribe a sparing diet: nothing greasy, fried and heavy for the pancreas baby. After all, sometimes parotitis is complicated by pancreatitis - inflammation of the pancreas. It is best during this period to feed the child with vegetable soups, baked or steamed vegetables, meat, porridges. Sour-milk products should not be more than 1% fat. And please, exclude from the menu sweets of industrial production, smoked products, sausages, sausages, canned goods. Diet! Sometimes, parotitis requires antibiotics. Based on the analysis of blood, the doctor may decide to "hedge" the crumbs from the antibacterial complications of the virus.
Measles
Although measles belongs to the class of "childhood infections", it is quite difficult. Doctors are afraid of complications from sight and hearing, serious intoxication of the body during the activity of the virus. So the PDA vaccine is a good prevention of a dangerous disease.
In addition to a very high temperature (up to 40 C), a small one begins conjunctivitis, an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eyes. Catarrhal phenomena, such as a runny nose and a red throat, are also pronounced. On the 3-4th day of fever, the baby develops a profuse rash: first behind the ears, then on the face and neck, then - all over the body. Another characteristic symptom of measles: the baby is painful to look at the light. Give the opportunity to his eyes to stay in complete peace, from the lighting during acute fever, the baby should leave only a night light with frosted matte light, and then in the next room.
In a week from the moment of measles rashes, the disease goes on recession - the temperature decreases, the spots first darken, and then disappear.
Treatment
Unfortunately, specific measles drugs have not yet been invented (the best defense is vaccination). So it is necessary to work only with the symptoms: to fight fever with the help of antipyretic and abundant drink, to remove the stuffy nose. And certainly bed rest! However, the baby does not want to get out of bed. Every day the doctor will observe the small, and monitor the results of blood tests: has the bacterial infection joined? Then you need antibiotics. Necessarily appoint vitamin A, which should prevent eye-related complications. Give the baby more foods containing vitamin A: carrots, pumpkin, offal (liver, kidney, tongue), eggs, cream and olive oil. But only if the crumb has an appetite. Do not force him to eat during a fever. The body needs resources not to digest food, but to fight the disease.
Scarlet fever
This disease is caused not by the virus, but by the bacterium - hemolytic streptococcus. However, in terms of infectiousness scarlet fever is not much inferior to the same mumps. A malignant bacterium can be picked up by airborne droplets (for example, a scarlet fever patient coughs next to a baby), as well as contact-household bacteria - through unwashed hands, common with sick dishes. There is no vaccine for scarlet fever. So compliance with personal hygiene rules is the main defense against illness.
Symptoms
Quickly and with a strong chill the baby's body temperature rises to 38-39 ° C. At the same time immediately inflamed and swollen tonsils, the baby becomes painful to swallow. By the end of the first day of the disease, a characteristic dotted rash appears in the small body throughout the body in the form of red spots protruding above the skin level. The baby's face looks very specific: the cheeks and lips are bright red, and the nasolabial triangle is pale. An experienced doctor can easily diagnose one appearance of the youngster.
Treatment
The doctor immediately prescribes antibiotics that will drive the unwanted microbe. Scarlet fever is such consequences as glomerulonephritis (kidney damage), rheumatism, myocarditis (complications of the cardiovascular system). Therefore, perform all the pediatrician's appointments exactly. And the baby will recover. The temperature at scarlet fever falls approximately on the 4th day of the disease, then the rash disappears as well. And from the 5th-6th day of the disease, exfoliation appears on the site of the former rashes. However, to lie in bed, the baby should be at least 7-10 days, let him not waste his energy. Entertain him! Interesting books, puzzles, designers, paints and other entertaining things can keep in bed the most active fidget. The question of feeding a baby with scarlet fever is acute.
He is very difficult to swallow! Therefore, offer him food in small portions and often. Of course, food should not be very hot or very cold, hard. The optimum option is puree of ideal softness, liquid porridges, broths. After about 10 days with a baby everything will be all right!
ARVI, or cold
There is no child in the world who at least once has not caught a cold. He wet his feet, proskvozilo, drank cold juice directly from the refrigerator ... And hello, temperature and cough! And it is not hypothermia itself that is responsible for various diseases of young children. Simply due to the temperature drop in crumbs, immunity decreases - and its body becomes susceptible to the action of various viruses. Therefore, all colds doctors call "ARVI" - an acute respiratory viral infection. All types of SARS, known to science, over 300! And they have different ways in babies.
Thank God, they all are treated about the same way and go after a week or two. Most often, the acute respiratory viral infection begins as follows: a baby has a runny nose, and there is little mucus and it is transparent. In a day or two, a fever is attached, either strong (up to 39 C), or mild - about 37-38 C. Cough, inflammation and reddening of the throat - all these "delights" accompany any cold.
Of course, the treatment is determined by the doctor in each specific case. The main goal is to prevent complications, that is, that the infection does not fall "down" - into the lungs and bronchi. However, parents will not be prevented from knowing the basic principles of combating the most popular childhood infection - ARVI. Treatment
Temperature is a sign that the immunity of a small one was involved in the fight against ARVI. So do not grasp the febrifuge at a mark on the thermometer 37.5 C. Doctors recommend to bring down the temperature only if it is above 38.5 C.
Of antipyretic, use paracetamol or ibuprofen. These drugs are released either in candles or in the form of syrup. But from wiping the crumbs with vinegar or vodka, abstain - it can cause him intoxication. The guarantee for the rapid recovery of the baby is moist air. When dry indoors, a small baby is difficult to breathe, the mucous membranes of his respiratory tract dry out, and the inflammatory process is more active. Therefore, put in a room where the sleeper is sleeping, a container with a liquid (for example, with a herb of medicinal herbs), which will evaporate and humidify the air. A simpler option is to purchase an air humidifier. Do not forget to constantly give the sick child a drink. High temperature is accompanied by excessive sweating, and, consequently, loss of fluid. It must be replenished. Suggest what the karapuz loves: compote, mors, juice, tea. When ARVI is important, the amount drunk: the more, the better!
The doctor will advise which medicines to use. From the common cold, it can be vasoconstrictive drops, moisturizing sprays. From perspiration in the throat - lollipops with menthol and eucalyptus, for better expectoration - phlegm-wiping remedies. And do not forget: the necessary drugs for various diseases of young children - my mother's love, care and peace. The kid like a sponge absorbs your emotions. So stay calm even when he is sick. You will see, thanks to your restraint, the baby will quickly recover.
And the nose breathes easier!
Most childhood infections are accompanied by such a nuisance as rhinitis, or a runny nose. However, modern medical products will easily solve the problem.
Rhinitis is of two types: acute and chronic. Children usually have a sharp one, which passes in a week or two. Rhinitis mainly causes viruses. And hardly their action on the small organism stops, the runny nose gradually comes to naught. However, the nozzles cause a lot of trouble to the children and their mothers. Karapuzu is difficult to breathe, he often wakes up at night, coughs, becomes restless ... What can we say about babies who, because of the stuffed spout, refuse the breast and do not want to drink from the bottle! The only way out is to treat the runny nose urgently. The main task of mom and dad - to clean the nose of mucus, to remove puffiness to eliminate stuffiness; at the same time it is important to prevent the drying out of the mucous membrane of the baby's spout, which can cause the crumbs to feel dry and burning. Treatment of rhinitis in mites should be effective and safe. It is important not only to remove the swelling of the nasal mucosa, but also not to damage it.