Intrauterine contraception is perhaps the most common form of contraception. WHO indicates data that for this period about seventy million female representatives prefer this type of protection from an unplanned pregnancy. In Russia, the intrauterine device, the pros and cons of which will be described below, is the first of all possible contraceptive methods for women.
At the moment there are many types of spirals. The most famous and common of intrauterine spirals is a small T-shaped stick made of plastic coated with metal. Its contraceptive effect is that it does not allow spermatozoa to penetrate the uterine cavity by reducing the period of ovulation, and also prevents the fertilized egg from attaching to the uterine cavity.
Intrauterine device: pluses
The most important plus in the eyes of active busy women is the duration of protection from pregnancy for three to five years, the term depends on the type of spiral. The effect is achieved after a single procedure, which is very convenient. In women of age after 40, any spiral containing copper may be present in the uterus before the onset of menopause.
Also, the advantages of the Navy are:
High efficiency of this method of contraception. The Perl index for hormone-containing IUDs is 0.1 to 0.2 per hundred women / years, and for modern copper spirals is 0.4 to 1.5 per hundred women / years.
The method is reversible. If desired, the patient is withdrawn at any time. At the same time, women who want to become mothers can begin to conceive immediately after the end of the application of the spiral.
The method can be used without the consent and participation of the sexual partner
Additional manipulation associated with sexual intercourse is not required.
The IUD does not affect the general well-being and condition of the woman, does not provoke worsening of the course of extragenital diseases.
Other drugs do not reduce the effectiveness of the IUD.
The cost of the method is not high, therefore the IUD is available to all social strata of the population.
Intrauterine spiral: minuses
The drawbacks of using this method are the need to undergo a medical procedure in a female consultation for setting and extracting a spiral, although the obvious plus is that ideally the procedure occurs every three to five years.
IUDs have side effects: during the introduction of the spiral, bleeding may occur - from three to nine percent of cases, perforation of the uterus (one to 5000 injections of the IUD), and damage to the cervix is also possible.
The success of the manipulation depends on the qualification and experience of the doctor, the anatomical features of the reproductive system of the patient.
Aching pains or cramping - about three months after the beginning of the use of the IUD. The reason - an error in the selection of the spiral, improperly placed IUD (3-4%), increased sensitive uterus.
In 5-15% of cases, increased uterine bleeding due to mechanical damage to the endometrium in the area of contact with the spiral. In the case of small-sized IUD use, with the inclusion of hormones or copper, blood loss during menstruation is reduced.
In 2-7% of cases, there is an expulsion, in other words, the loss of IUD from the uterus during the first year. Most often this occurs during menstruation.
It is possible that against the background of protection of the Navy, a woman will become pregnant. Usually this occurs in situations of undetected partial or complete loss of the spiral.
In 1,9 - 9,25% of cases, an ectopic pregnancy may occur. The content of copper in a contraceptive reduces this risk.
In 0.4-4% of cases, inflammatory processes occur in the genitals. Often, they are associated with the presence of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), or with exacerbation of chronic inflammation.
There are moments that can be regarded as minuses of the method, but in fact they turn into obvious pluses. The following conditions can be assigned to such moments:
Enter and remove the IUD should only be a well-trained specialist in a hospital or a woman's consultation.
Prior to the application of the method, it is necessary to undergo an examination in the women's consultation, if necessary, health education.