MATERIALS
When knitting on knitting yarns are used from wool, cotton, from flax, silk or synthetic threads. The material is selected depending on which product is to be knit.
PREPARATION OF YARN TO IMPORT
If knitting is chosen for village wool, it is desirable to twist together the required number of threads and then stretch the yarn in a soapy foam.
Too tight twisted yarn sometimes warps knitting. Vain efforts are made to correct the oblique knitting by washing or steaming through a wet cloth. The dried product takes the previous skewed state.
Woolen yarn is first wound in a ball, then the necessary number of threads are joined together. The yarn is rewound again in a skein and washed in soapy foam, then the threads after washing are not separated. We do not recommend drying yarn in the sun, near the stove or on radiators. Wool after washing becomes soft and fluffy. So that it does not lose its fluffiness, the yarn is unwound in a soft tangle. It seems to be so simple, but here a certain skill is needed. It is important to do this first work correctly. If we spin the yarn tight, into a tangle, the wool stretches and partially loses its qualities. It is best to do this: between the ball and the wound layer put a thumb or index finger. When a small layer is wound, the finger is removed and the new layers are wound in a different direction. Working in this way, get a soft tangle, in which the yarn will be the same as in the skein.
Synthetic and imported yarn before work should not be washed.
WASHING THE YARNS
To wash 500 g of woolen yarn, take half a piece of laundry soap, rub on a grater and pour hot water. Part of the soap solution is poured into warm (not hot!) Water, foams and wipes yarn, squeezing; to rub and twist it is impossible, for then the wool falls. Yarns are washed in several waters, each time re-adding soap solution until the water in which the yarn is found foam. Then wool rinse in water of the same temperature. When the water temperature changes, the wool falls off. In the rinse water add a little vinegar. It is not recommended to wash the wool in powdered water, since the remains of the powder are difficult to rinse out and sometimes the wool sticks together.
APPLICATION OF THE USED FUR
It is not always possible to purchase new yarn. At the needlewoman of the house there will always be some unfashionable, worn sweater or sweater with rubbed elbows, torn loops and other damages. Disbanding them, get material suitable for knitting. First, the product is carefully disbanded and the yarn is shaken in a tangle. It is difficult to dissolve the woolen product that has been woven, so we recommend keeping it for 24 hours in a soapy solution to which 3 tablespoons of ammonia are added to 10 liters of water, a spoonful of turpentine and wine alcohol. After that, it is rinsed in warm water, to which is added] vinegar. The product is dried and then dissolved.
By releasing a very worn out product, separate separately strong yarn from less durable.
If necessary, the loose yarn is rewound, then rewound in a skein and washed in soapy foam. To make wool yarn shine, glycerin is added to the rinsed water for colored yarn, and a bit of ammonia is added to the white yarn. To loose the yarn is as straight as the new one, when drying to the end of the skein, hang the load, changing from time to time places of its suspension.
YARN TRANSMISSION
If necessary, loose, washed yarn can also be repainted to get a brighter or different tone of the color.
Depending on whether the main color is light or dark, repainting can achieve a tone of the same strength or darker.
You can try the main tone before recolouring a little to clarify. Hanks are put in warm soapy water, which is gradually heated (about 20 minutes). Hanks are continuously turned over as if they were dyeing. If soapy water is stained, it is changed to clean and continues to heat. Then the skeins are carefully rinsed and only after that they are repainted. When repainting, you should consider what the main tone is and in which paint you need to paint to achieve the desired shade. Black yarn can be obtained from all the basic tones, but still it will have a blue or brown tint. If the main color is white, then you can repaint it in any tone, but if the yarn is a bit yellow, you will not be able to get a pure light blue hue, the tone will always be greenish.
Of the three primary colors-blue, red, yellow-you can get all the desired tones.
Mixing yellow with blue, always get green, green can be yellow or bluish, depending on the ratio of dyes in which proportions.
Mixing blue with red, get purple with a bluish or reddish tinge.
Mixing yellow with red, get orange.
In turn, these intermediate colors can be combined with the basic tones and get new color shades. For example, mixing green with red, get a warm brown, and mixing blue with orange, get a cold brown shade. If you add a little black to any shade, it becomes grayish and darkens.
First, in hot water, dissolve the dye, dip a sample of repainted yarn, squeeze out and check the shade of color. If the shade suits, then in the enameled dishes pour water (per 100 g of yarn, 2.5 liters of water). Add salt, vinegar and add a little dissolved, strained dye. When the coloring solution is heated to 37 °, all of the clean, damp yarn is immediately put in and is heated for 30 to 40 minutes over a slow heat. If the yarn is still too light, it is taken out of the solution and dye is added, the yarn is put back and the dyeing continues.
Even if it is desirable to get a dark color, you should never add all the dye immediately, because it can turn out to be too dark, and the yarn can become spotty (spotty yarn becomes and if too little water or too hot solution).
With the gradual addition of the dye solution to the water, the probability of obtaining the desired shade and uniform dyeing of the yarn increases.
MELANGEAN YARN
Yarn from a loose product can be knit together with a new yarn of a different color. At the same time, it will become stronger, and combining threads of different colors, get interesting color combinations - melange. Melange favorably hides "curly" (it depends on the admixture of synthetic fiber) loose yarn, knitting will look even. Such a melange yarn can be knit together with a monochrome yarn, banding it with strips or by tying an ornament.
TOOLS
One of the main tools of labor are knitting needles. They are made of metal, plastic, wood or bone, they should be light, well polished or nickel-plated. The ends of the spokes should not be too sharp, otherwise you can injure your fingers, but not too stupid. Even the slightest roughness on the knitting needles interferes with the sliding of the thread and complicates knitting.
In cylindrical knitting; socks, knitwear, mittens and other products use 5 knitting needles, 20 to 25 cm in length. When using flat knitting, two long straight knitting needles or short straight knitting needles with a capron line are used, which when knitting straight products is more convenient and advantageous than long straight knitting needles not so tired, holding the bound fabric, because it gently folds on the nylon line, and besides knitting takes up less space. To knit skirts and jackets from the neck you need ring spokes with a capron line.
NUMBERS OF SPRINGS
Each knitting needle has its own number. It corresponds to its diameter in millimeters (for example, the diameter of the needle No. 2 is 2 mm, the diameter of the knitting needle No. 8 is 8 mm, etc.).
The number of knitting needles is selected based on the thickness of the yarn; The diameter of the knitting needle should be almost twice the thickness of the yarn. The number of knitting needles can be determined as follows: fold the thread in half and slightly twist-the thickness of this thread should equal the diameter of the required knitting needles.
Each knitter with time develops an individual manner of work - knit a little tighter or weaker than average density. in this regard, you need to change the number of spokes in accordance with the knitter's ability. Wrong knitting needles make knitting too tight, hard or, conversely, too loose. and in both cases they do not receive an elastic knitted fabric of medium density.