Decorative cosmetics have been known since the days of Ancient Egypt. Its use was considered a real art. Excavations of Ancient Egypt were accompanied by finds of tweezers for hair removal, sets for drawing tattoos. It is known that in the Middle Ages rouge, made of lead sulfide and lead oxide powder (lead white) was widely used. These substances are very poisonous to the human body, so they provoked hair loss, severe poisoning. In the XIX century. lead oxide was replaced with zinc oxide, and lipsticks began to be made from painted wax of natural origin, the so-called cochineal.
Today, the safety of decorative cosmetics for the human body is ensured by constant quality control by state bodies - the State Sanitary Epidemiological Service of Russia - and the issuance of a hygienic certificate.
Decorative cosmetics based on fat
Traditionally, lipsticks are available in the form of thin rods located in a plastic pull-out casing. According to their purpose, lipsticks are divided into hygienic (usually colorless, can be slightly colored), protective (from exposure to UV rays), tonal (lip coloration in different colors).
According to the consistency, the following types of lipstick are distinguished: solid (pencil, rod) and creamy (usually available in jars or tubes with a brush). Also distinguish dry, bold and fat lipsticks in the degree of fat smear.
Tonal lipstick has the largest range, as it is available in a wide range of colors.
By the criterion of color stability, there are three types of tonal lipstick: simple, traditional (remains on the lips for 3-4 hours); stable (up to 5-6 hours), superstable or super-resistant (from 6-7 hours or more). The latter practically leaves no imprint.
Powdered and compact decorative cosmetics
The powder contains a number of components: amorphous talc, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate, zinc oxide, starch, maize or rice flour mixed in various proportions, and mineral pigments. A high-quality powder should cleanse the shine of the skin, absorb its secretions, easily lie down on the skin, have a good covering ability, to mask defects on the skin of the face.
Distinguish compact, loose, liquid powder and cream powder. Powder should be selected for skin type - for dry, normal or oily. By the degree of grinding, loose powder can be from the group "extra", which means a very fine grinding, or from the 1st group.
The main difference between a compact powder and a loose powder is that it can be applied to the skin with a light layer, without crumbling. With properly selected proportions of powder components, it is not hard, but dense. The surface of a high-quality dense powder is not "salted". The same rule applies to shadows for eyelids, and blushes, and others.
Mascara
Liquid mascara is a suspension of finely divided in the emulsion medium of coloring pigments. It contains compounds due to which a thin hydrophobic film remains on the eyelashes. The emulsion consists of fat components, lanolin derivatives, plant waxes, emulsifiers, stabilizers. In addition, the composition of the emulsion includes such anti-inflammatory components as propolis, azulene, rose oil, provitamins, etc.
Distinguish between normal and waterproof mascara. The latter in its composition contains hydrophobizators and waxes, which are soluble only in liquids for fatty cosmetics, you can use soap. Mascara, designed to lengthen the eyelashes or increase their volume, contains 3-4% of crushed thin nylon fibers.
Decorative Cosmetics for Nails
Decorative cosmetics for nails are represented by varnishes and manicure enamels. Varnish after drying leaves a transparent film on the nails. Enamel (or lac-paste) on the nails leaves an opaque colored film after drying.
The enamel for nails includes mineral tonodispersed pigments, metal oxides, pearlescent guanine additives, mica particles, small variegated incrustations (0.1 mm in size) of "silver" or "gold", etc.