As statistics show, in Russia in preschool institutions only ten children out of a hundred are absolutely healthy. This disappointing result was caused by the fact that newborn babies are born with much worse health, and the ecological situation only worsens. In addition, the physical load in children is reduced, because parents do not have enough time to study with them, and therefore children suffer from hypodynamia.
Another reason for this trend is that parents are more focused on the development of the child's intellectual abilities: computer games and a variety of circles in which the children are engaged for the most part sitting. These and some other reasons lead to the fact that many children are disturbed by their posture, flat feet and respiratory diseases develop. In connection with this, preventive measures are necessary to prevent the development of diseases and their correction.
An effective method of correction of diseases of the respiratory system and the apparatus of the musculoskeletal system is therapeutic exercise in the kindergarten.
Wellness gymnastics for correction of diseases are conducted in the form of lessons. One lesson for children of three or four years lasts about twenty-twenty-five minutes, for children of five or six years - thirty-thirty-five minutes. Exercises are carried out for two weeks: the main part of the complex of exercises does not change, only the first, the preparatory, and the last, final, parts are changed. Classes should be conducted in a well-ventilated room on the mats. Children should be without shoes (in socks) and in light clothes.
Therapeutic physical training in the kindergarten is mainly carried out with the goal of preventing and correcting respiratory diseases and the apparatus of the musculoskeletal system.
This goal is achieved by performing the following tasks:
- Improving the work of the apparatus of the musculoskeletal system.
- Strengthening health, creating conditions for comprehensive physical development and tempering the body.
- Prevention of flatfoot and scoliosis.
- Activation of the respiratory and cardiovascular system.
- The formation of a correct posture and fixing it in this position: vital provisions and movements must be performed automatically.
- Mastering basic motor skills and skills.
- Increase nonspecific reaction of the body.
- Timely correction of the pathological condition.
When doing the exercise, you must adhere to the following principles:
- The method and dosage of physical exercises should be selected individually for each child, depending on the disease and the general condition of the body.
- The impact should be systemic and with a certain set of exercises, and the exercises should be performed consistently.
- Effects should be regular to ensure the development and restoration of the functional capabilities of the body.
- Exercise is carried out for a long time. This is due to the fact that the restoration of disturbed work of various organs is possible only with persistent and prolonged repetition of exercises. It is advisable to perform the exercises every other day.
- Physical load should increase gradually: in the first seven to ten days the load gradually grows, then it remains on the same level for a while, and gradually decreases during the last week.
- Physical exercises should be varied and updated after a while. It is recommended to update about twenty to thirty percent of exercises in two to three weeks of classes.
- The impact of exercise should be moderate: the duration of the exercise is about twenty-five to thirty minutes, combined with a fractional load.
- During the training it is necessary to observe the cyclicity: exercises with rest must be combined with relaxation exercises.
- Effects on the body should be comprehensive.
- When conducting classes, it is necessary to take into account age and other characteristics: groups with children should be formed according to diagnoses, and the age of children should not differ for more than one year.