Newborn
In the first hours after the birth, between the mother and the child begins her own special conversation, which is often understood by only two of them. The emotional connection between mother and baby that developed during pregnancy is preserved and strengthened.
I hear you!
The scientists came to the conclusion that with the sound of the mother's voice the child calms down more quickly, its breathing becomes smooth, rhythmic. Newborn children hear well. Therefore, the baby can put a quiet, quiet music, talk about anything. By the end of the first month of life, the child learns the skill of the ratio of sound with its source - the first orientation reaction appears. Now you can play with a rattle. First, lightly burn in front of the child, then left and right. This will develop the baby's attention.
I see!
Visual communication is also very important. It is sight that gives the kid basic information about the world around him.
A child from birth is able to perceive voluminous objects and a planar image (drawings). But do not show the monthly baby a lot of different objects and pictures, it just wearies a crumb. At first, for him, so it's enough visual impressions. To begin with, he needs to consider his place of residence. And it always looks different. When you wear it on your hands, the items appear in one guise, when you put the baby on the bed, the angle of view changes.
The monthly crumb is best offered for viewing a black and white picture with a human face image. By 3-4 months the baby can already offer color images of a joyful, sad, angry human face. And be sure to comment on what you are showing.
I feel!
Equally important for children's development is tactile contact. You caress the baby, stroke, pick up, as soon as he cried, and thus contribute to the formation of a crumb of a basic sense of trust in the world around him. Your baby also initiates communication. Since his birth, with a loud cry, the newborn calls his mother. Negative emotions and their rapid manifestation play a very important role in the first weeks of life. Otherwise, how else does your mother find out that something is wrong with the baby, that you need to change the diaper, feed, dress? .. And at the end of the first - the beginning of the second month, the baby starts to allocate the adult (primarily mom) from the environment and the first smile . Until now, babe was only capable of negative emotions, now there were positive ones. This is the communication available to the newborn.
But the very satisfaction of the child's needs does not produce positive emotions, but only removes negative emotions. The kid is happy only when an adult talks to him. It is during this communication that the child's physical, emotional and mental development takes place.
Six months
Your child grows up and more and more tries to communicate and play with you, and this desire he expresses in the language of facial expressions and gestures. This stage of development is called the period of interaction. The development of speech The child already understands the speech of an adult. And not only intonation. Now the little one knows and understands much more words than he says. The average stock of words understood by a toddler over 6 months is approximately 50. This is manifested in the fact that he reacts to individual words and short phrases with different facial expressions (emotions). The child hums, imitating the intonations of adult speech. The kid begins to associate the object seen with his name. And at the request of my mother can find this object with my eyes. Of course, if the name of the subject is familiar to him, and the thing itself is in sight of the baby.
The kid himself is already trying to talk , but while his conversation is called babbling. Your crumb already begins to label individual items with a certain set of sounds, similar or not very much to the word itself - it does not matter yet. It is important that these are already words. Sometimes the child can "talk" for a long time, changing the intonation, this can help her to better understand her baby, his needs and desires. "At this age, it's good to play" Ladushki "," Soroku-raven "," For bumps - on bumps " ... These poteshki-pestushki help the child develop the skills of imitation. The crumb will repeat after you not only movements, but words. Childish fears At around 7 months old the child begins to fear strangers. This is manifested in the fact that the baby begins to cry when approaching strangers or when they are alone with them. The reason for this unpleasant and offensive for most members of the family (especially the grandparents suffer) is simple: now the child by virtue of the development of the intellect is able to distinguish one person from another, differentiate who is own and who is alien (in his, of course, childlike understanding). A child may have fear of absence of parents and, accordingly, anxiety in connection with the approach of an unfamiliar person.
Whether this fear will prevail or will pass, whether shyness and isolation by features of its character will become - in many respects depends on behavior of mum and the daddy. It is important for the kid to know that you are always ready to help.
When a little-known person is born, the mother should:
take the child in his arms, greet the guest;
talk in a calm voice, smile and always be close to your baby.
In advance, explain to your family what is happening. After all, it so often happens that grandparents (aunts, uncles, friends) who come to visit you on a case-by-case basis, want to communicate with the baby during their visits. But they do not remember their little ones, which means that they will respond to all their kisses and hugs with a loud cry! So spend with the guests an explanatory conversation, say that it will be very short time and everything will be different. But while everything is just like this ... And try to spend as much time as possible with the child. And not formally, doing their own business, but playing with the baby or reading books to him. Then, most likely, this crisis will be smoothed out or completely unnoticed. During this period, you can begin to teach the child the gestures of communication, reinforcing them in short words: "hello", "for now", "thank you."
Year
One-year-old baby can do a lot himself. He drinks from his drinker, crawls, confidently sits, walks, climbs onto the sofa, tries to eat on his own. But the main achievement of this period is that the child begins to speak, he is more often able to pronounce one-, two-syllable words.
And in his own language of sounds and gestures, he may well be explaining to you. Now the crumb does not depend so much on you anymore. He wakes up the desire to be independent, actively explore the world around him. Cognitive processes are intensively developing, the kid can remember something and even come up with a game. Now the child needs not only care and a good attitude of others, but also encouragement of his successes, active help in actions. On this depends on whether the kid can feel his independence, activity and significance. The first crisis The contradiction between a child's desire for independence and his dependence on the help of his parents forms the basis of the so-called "crisis of one year." Communicating with parents, the child no longer simply observes their behavior, but also tries to attract and retain their attention. and the ways in which he tries to achieve this, sometimes literally lead to mom and dad.
Teamwork
The baby now needs not only emotional contact, but also cooperation. Your baby already perceives long enough offers. It is necessary to tell him more about the world around him, about different subjects and phenomena. Discover the magic world of fairy tales for your child. You should start with the simplest ones: Repka, Kolobok, Teremok, etc. These favorite folk tales are good because they contain many repetitions, which helps the child to better understand the plot.