The reasons that can complicate labor, specialists are divided into pre-pregnancy, during, during and after delivery. The main problems are discussed in the article on "Complication of childbirth, divergence of the heart".
It's no secret that most of the fair sex suffer from this or that chronic disease. In the first place among such pathologies are kidney diseases, then cardiovascular abnormalities (hypertension, vegetovascular dystonia, heart defects). Negatively affect pregnancy and childbirth, chronic bronchial and lung diseases. It is clear how acute and chronic leukemia, lymphogranulomatosis, tuberculosis, diabetes, hepatitis, HIV infection and AIDS are "bad" for reproduction of offspring. With proper management of some diseases can be minimized. Women with an asthenic physique and who suffer from frequent menstruation can also have problems in childbirth, followed by patients suffering from a hormonal form of infertility and chronic miscarriage. Surgery on the cervix, numerous curettage of the uterine cavity in history, scars on its surface as a result of past cesarean sections are also unfavorable factors.
Doctors believe that complications in childbirth can cause pregnancy of twins and multiple pregnancy, polyhydramnios, large fetal sizes, which increase intrauterine pressure and can lead to premature discharge of amniotic fluid. The anatomically or clinically narrow pelvis in a woman, the longitudinal position of the fetus or the presentation of the placenta refer to absolute indications for cesarean section. This includes the mismatch between the size of the fetus and the pelvis of the mother, the transverse position of the fetus or its breech presentation, the cord with the umbilical cord. Premature birth and labor with an immature fetus, the birth of women after extracorporeal fertilization and embryo transfer to the uterine cavity (IVF and PE), modern doctors also refer to the complicated. Modern medicine has a rich arsenal of means, and to level out the danger of these factors long before and during childbirth.
Premature, before the onset of labor, the outflow of amniotic fluid is the most frequent complication of the first period of labor. Most often it happens with a narrow pelvis, pelvic presentation of the fetus, multiple pregnancy, when the child is large or there is an incorrect insertion of the head. Premature outflow is one of the signs of a pathological preliminar period. They are considered to be the "introductory chord" of childbirth, with a loss of bosom exceeding 6-8 hours. It is accompanied also by irregular, sharply painful contractions, disturbing the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness. And fatigue causing labor. They do not lead to the opening of the cervix and cause intrauterine hypoxia of the fetus. This complication of delivery is most common in elderly and young primiparas, too obese, in emotionally unstable and nervous women, and also in those who are negative about their pregnancy. The pathological preliminary period is dangerous because it can go into any form of complication of labor. However, often after the passage of water, the tone of the uterus weakens, and the process of childbirth is improving. With these goals the doctor can apply amniotomy - puncture of the fetal bladder.
Another pathology of labor is its weakness. It is primary and secondary. In the first case, a woman enters into childbirth with a weak increase. In the second - after a period of intense labor activity of the uterus suddenly weakens. Disclosure of the cervix slows down, and labor is delayed. The reason is often insufficient availability of the organism for childbirth, infectious, inflammatory diseases of the genitals and abortions in anamnesis, excess weight, complicated course of pregnancy, fatigue in childbirth. Women of elderly and young age, ladies suffering from overgrowth of the uterus (as a result of pregnancy, a large fetus, multiple fertility, many-watered), mnogogorazhie, suffering from a violation of menstrual function and hormonal balance are also at risk.
Childbirth with a pathological divergence of the womb (several days in length) preliminarily leads to fatigue of the woman and is often complicated by weakness. As a rule, the weakness of labor is accompanied by the lack of disclosure of the cervix. Sleep - the best medicine, and with a similar pathology, women are given a rest, using soothing and hypnotics. As a rule, after this process is established by itself. Otherwise, uterine contractions are enhanced with oxytocin and prostaglandins under the cover of epidural anesthesia. If all the efforts of the doctors are in vain, the woman is given a cesarean section. The opposite problem - excessive labor activity - is recognized by the presence of strong and prolonged fights. Childbirth can last 1-3 hours. The kid thus very quickly enters the birth canal, its head does not have time to be configured, the risk of birth trauma and hypoxia is high.
For a mother, these kinds of births with divergence of the womb are dangerous by ruptures of the cervix, vagina, perineum and even the uterus. Premature detachment of the placenta may occur, which can lead to bleeding. As with prolonged preliminaries, the mother is treated with an immersion sleep, epidural anesthesia is used. Often doctors make a decision about amniotomy and caesarean section. It occurs in 1-3% of cases of childbirth. In this case, the rhythms of contraction of the uterus are irregular, chaotic, the intervals between contractions are random. Dangerous may be ruptures of the perineum and discrepancies in the pubic joint. Often, in order to avoid such negative consequences, the doctor at the time of delivery makes a decision to cut the perineum (episiotomy - a cut from the center of the perineum to the side, perineotomy - a cut in the direction of the anus). Now we know what complication of childbirth occurs, the divergence of the heart.