To develop the child's memory of exercises and all sorts of games can begin as soon as you notice that the baby is already developed enough to produce at least simple logical operations with several concepts at once, when he tries to think through his actions in advance, knowing how he will act in case of occurrence of this or that situation. And this applies to absolutely any process: starting with food ("If Lily gets messy - Lily gets dirty and she has to wash the dress"), and ending with reading, when the child needs not to forget the first letter of a compound word before he reads the last. And if the child decided to recalculate: whether he took all the things to a kindergarten, you need to be able to not get confused in the middle of the account, so as not to start it again. And in adulthood, a good memory is just necessary - that will put the mother's milk, and the child should not forget to turn it off when it boils. Or the door to close, leaving the apartment.
The development of memory in the baby is a delicate and compulsory business, which should be seriously taken up by parents and teachers in the kindergarten. Of course, this process is quite responsible and complex - however, in a child's life he must have a place, since the state of memory of an adult, formed personality largely depends on him.
We want to tell you what exercises will help in the development of memory in the child. Conditionally they can be divided into different levels of complexity. You can determine what level your child needs right now. When you notice that the exercises are already uninteresting to the child and he clicks them like nuts - complicate the tasks, let the memory gradually train.
You can start classes only when your baby already knows all about the fact that the items are permanent, that if you cover up the bear with a blanket - the toy will not go anywhere from there. Of course, the child also needs to know the toys themselves, so to speak, in person, so that there is no confusion during the lessons. After all, if you ask the crumb to find a bunny, and he happily gets a dog from the box - that means his level of preparation does not correspond to what is required, so lessons on memory development should be postponed and deal with other development.
Exercise One: Toys
Show the child two small toys, with which he is familiar firsthand and likes to play with them. Hide them under two large inverted mugs, without hiding from the child - let him try to find the toy you ask him. This exercise can be greatly alleviated if the toys are clamped into fists and make the same request.
Exercise two: cards
When a child learns to flip glasses unmistakably and open his hands - try to use in this lesson not the toys themselves, but cards. That is, take two flat images of some animals (for simplicity), the names of which your child has long learned. Before you do something, once again point your finger at each child's card, accompanying the gesture with the name of the animal. Now turn over the pictures and ask the kid a simple question: "And where is the elephant?". The child should remember on which card the elephant was depicted, and turn it over (or point you to this figure).
To start this set of exercises, you can immediately after your baby learns to accurately guess - what kind of toys or pictures (in the number of two pieces) you hid in a fist or turned over. The essence of the exercises does not differ from the first, only the number of objects varies.
Exercise One: Toys and Cards
During this exercise, the kid must see your manipulations. Take three small toys (for now you should not take the same type: three cars or three fish, take three absolutely different objects) and, as in the first set of exercises, put them under the upturned glasses. Ask the baby: "And where did your mother hide the car?", Wait for the baby to remember where you hid this toy, turn over the desired vessel and necessarily perform the desired action with the find (that is, if this machine - let it show how it drives) . Do not remove the machine from the field, just cover it again and ask about the location of another toy, for example: "And where did the mother hide the baby tiger?". The child should not make a mistake in the choice and not turn over the same glass that hitherto concealed the car.
When the kid learns to cope with this, go to classes with cards. You can use pictures with different images - not necessarily animals only. Suitable and those who describe household items or furniture, fruits and vegetables - something that the child is familiar with since childhood. When your child guesses where the image is hidden, do not forget to praise and encourage him - give the kid the incentive to play these games further.
Exercise two: all the way around
The starting material for this exercise is the same as in all previous ones - several cards. But, given that this occupation of the child will be a novelty, take first two images. Show them to your crumb and turn them over with a "shirt". Now you just have to point your finger at the card and ask: "What did your mother hide here?", And the kid has to strain his memory and remember what is depicted there. If the child does not know the words, he can use specific gestures or, for example, make sounds, like an animal that is hidden on a card. Of course, this activity also requires basic knowledge of the baby: what animals are and what they "say".
Exercise three: a small researcher
Your baby is already for sure traveling around the apartment in search of something new. In theory, he must know in which room you can find this or that object. You have to test his knowledge. Ask the baby to bring an umbrella out of the room. If the kid is ready for this kind of work, then he will easily understand your request, go to where he once saw an umbrella - and bring it to you. On an umbrella, you do not have to stop - each time you ask the crumb to bring you something different, new.
Exercise four: the small master
When you do household chores, be sure to involve your baby. Let him help you with cleaning and cooking, because he already has enough strength and agility to perform this or that simple task. If you asked the kid to sweep, but he does not do it - try sweeping with him. Such activities contribute to the development of both memory and speech crumbs - which is also important. During cleaning, often pay attention to small details of the process, painted emotionally. Seeing the water under the sink, exclaim: "Oh, look, puddle!", And lifting a heavy bag with flour, breathe tiredly: "It's hard!".
Exercises of this group imply the child's ability to operate on several subjects and predict at least two actions in advance at the same time. In addition, his speech should be sufficiently formed - the kid should understand every word that you say, individually.
Exercise one: a lengthy conversation
You should gradually move away from the habit of talking with the child with the help of short phrases. The longer the sentence, the better the child's brain works, especially if, for example, asking him to perform several actions at once. Send the baby to the nursery with a request to bring you a bear and a dog. Or some object, but not naming it, but explaining to the child his basic characteristics. This is necessary for the crumb to think: what kind of object in the house corresponds to your description. "Guessing" the things that you are asking to bring your baby, do not follow the logic. You can offer him such conditions, which he does not expect. For example, bring at one time a fork and a right sock. Do not try to lighten up the child's task, repeat your request, no matter how long it was, entirely, but if the kid does not understand or remember it, patiently repeat, again, without splintering into pieces. If the crumb already knows how to talk - ask him to duplicate your request before you perform it.
Exercise two: play dolls
Play a sketch: two dolls (you can take two other toys) - large and small - sat down at a table to have dinner. Suggest a kid to help the puppets eat, let him give a big doll a plate, and a small one - a cup and a spoon. And vice versa.
Exercise three: unexpected actions
Offer a very unexpected solution to the kid, a set of such actions, to a combination of which he is not used. Sit at the table a large doll and a plush rabbit, and before them put a fork and comb. Ask the baby to brush his fork with a fork, and feed the doll with a comb.
Exercise four: belated reaction
This exercise is aimed at ensuring that the baby's attention is focused on one thing for a long time. For example, if the kid asked you to pour him a glass of water - do not rush to rush to the bottle. Ask him to wait - tell me what you need to sweep first, and then you will fulfill his request. Thus, the memory of the child is developing - it patiently waits until you remove it to pour water on it - attention is focused on one action, the timing of which is not compressed as much as possible. However, do not overdo it - do not go watch the series instead of helping the child, do not need it - because the kid is not able to store information for so long. Limit yourself to a couple of minutes - and then you can gradually increase the time interval.
Exercise five: draw and talk
Your child has probably already got acquainted with pens, pencils, felt-tip pens or paints, and he happily delineates the pages of his first album. Invite him to "release together" a little book in which the child would describe his usual day and usual activities. After the pictures are ready - ask the kid questions about what he is doing in this picture, whether he likes to do it? Try to get from him as much as possible details about each action.
Exercise six: homemade puppet theater
Remember how often in childhood, my mother read you fairy tales "Turnip", "Kolobok" or "Teremok", and it's no accident! All these tales have in their structure repeated chains of events, in which only the characters change. So play with the kid any of these stories, using either themed toys, or self-made pictures.
Exercise seven: the child and the world around
Do not think that if the kid has learned to entertain himself little by little, he does not need your participation in the games anymore. Just games are the main "whale" of development and memory, and associative thinking of crumbs - therefore, arrange situational games as often as possible. After all, you do not cost anything at home to play a sketch of going to a polyclinic or, for example, a kindergarten. Fill your game with details and details, let the kid try to think about the next steps of your and his actions - release his developing imagination! Later such games will become a base for his own fun.
Exercise eight: baby and life
Try to connect your baby to absolutely any job that members of your family are engaged in. He will have to master all these working moments and skills, which will be an excellent base aid for adulthood. It is especially good to do this when you yourself noticed that the child wants to copy you and your actions, imitating adults. Suppose you cook dinner - then you can ask the baby to get from the locker a large pot for the first and put it on a set table. And if you cut bread or tomatoes, give the crumb a light and sharp one-time plastic knife - let it help you. While you wash the floor, ask the baby to take a rag and wipe off the dust, or tear out the weeds in the garden while you water the vegetables.
Your baby is inexorably growing and growing up in front of you, you notice that it is already boring to perform the exercises of the third complexity - it's time to move on to the most difficult activities for kids.
Exercise one: we operate with different characteristics of objects
To conduct this lesson you will need several similar items, which in this case have different characteristics. For example, take a large, medium and small plates, pupae of different sizes and cards on which different fruits are drawn.
Now spread out all pupae and plates near the kid and ask him to perform some action on these objects. For example, tell him: "Take the middle plate and give it to the smallest doll". And so on. Variations, as you know, a lot. Now put in front of a crumb card with a picture of fruit (in principle, you can take real fruit) and ask them to reproduce the actions with them. Tell the child: "Give, please, a big doll one orange and three bananas, and a small one - one banana and two apples." Or so: "Put in a small plate of lemon, an orange and an apple, and in a large - two bananas and lemon." Repeat the order of the actions and the condition of the task each time entirely, do not divide it into separate, more memorable parts. If the child does not understand or does not fulfill your request - do not be lazy to repeat it again.
Exercise Two: A Complex Instruction
A similar exercise was in the complex of occupations of the third level of complexity. As you understand, now it will be necessary to complicate it. You have to formulate for the baby long requests, which figure from three subjects and above, and in which there are several actions that need to be performed in a certain sequence. For example, in one sentence there may be a motivation to perform three simple actions at a time or a request to bring absolutely different objects without naming them, but simply giving the child their basic signs or characteristics. But your little one is already well informed in the structure of the world in which he lives, so the banal and everyday situations, with the algorithm of which the toddler knows well, will have to be left behind. Try to puzzle the baby with a request that he has never heard before. For example, say to him: "Take a comb in the bathroom, and put a plate in the kitchen and put them in my cap", or so: "Give me, please, a fork and daddy's black trousers." Again, to repeat each request should be again and again again and again entirely, without dismembering the short phrases.
Exercise three: remember and come up with
More often ask your child questions about how it went yesterday, what he did, and what kind of business he wants to devote his tomorrow. Try to find out the details. If the baby says that tomorrow he will go for a walk, ask him - what clothes he wants to wear. Ask leading questions, try to find out everything: from the color of a T-shirt and ending with socks.
Exercise four: role-playing games with a storyline
Lessons of this kind you simply have to pay as much attention as the role games will develop the memory, the child's fantasy, his associative thinking. Play life scenes during the game, try to make the fun include a maximum of details. For example, to the doll Masha the doll Sasha came to visit, and brought with her a delicious cake. And Masha forgot to make tea. Ask the child - how to make tea? In addition, do not forget about the emotional expression of feelings in the game, projecting them into dolls or plush bunnies. Explain to the baby that pupae can also be happy and offended, angry and have fun. Here's the doll Masha asks her to buy sweet cotton wool - and Mama does not allow, so little Masha cries and takes offense. Or Mom puts Masha to bed, while Masha still wants to play. The little one is naughty. The kid should be able to name and recognize these feelings.
Exercise five: small hosts
Attach the child to any household chores. And necessarily your requests should consist of several successive actions, which the kid should remember. For example, ask him to collect all his toys and fold it neatly into a box, or go behind a watering can and go around all the rooms in the house, watering the flowers.
These simple exercises will help you develop the memory of the baby, it will be much easier for him to learn and memorize verses, count, read and write. Do not be lazy and always play with the kid, providing him with a win-win ticket to a bright future.