If the child does not speak well, the parents begin to worry and decide to consult a specialist and go through a speech therapy examination. Diagnosis of speech of young children by speech therapist makes it possible to determine whether there really is a real problem of the development of speech, or everything proceeds within the age range.
Logopedic examination should be dynamic, complete and complex. Diagnosis of speech is aimed at analyzing its violations, because for each violation characteristic of their symptoms. In children of early age, the following speech disorders are most commonly encountered: erased dysarthria, dyslasia, open rhinolalia. The diagnosis is established taking into account some factors: the age of the child, concomitant chronic diseases, birth trauma, the social status of the family, the psychological situation in the family, how many in the family of children.
The anatomical structure of the articulatory apparatus is especially carefully examined. To obtain data on the anatomical structure of the articulation organs, a specialist should examine the oral cavity. To establish the mobility of the articulatory apparatus, the speech therapist will ask the child to perform basic movements with the lips, tongue, soft sky, and he will note the speed and freedom of movement. Also, the doctor will pay attention to the uniformity and smoothness of movement of the left and right side of each of the organs, as well as how easily one movement passes into another.
During the survey, an important factor is a conversation with the parents, which will help to find out specific complaints about the speech violation. It is also necessary to take into account the factor, how the child reacts to difficulties in speech.
During the examination, every sound, smoothness and tempo of speech, vocabulary is checked. In order to check the sound quality, the child will be shown pictures with images of various objects. The pictures are selected by the speech therapist so that the audible sound is in the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the word.
At the end of the examination, the parents receive a speech therapist, in which the diagnosis is determined. And if the violation does exist, then it will have to be corrected by resorting to special occupations.
During the examination, the speech therapist will also establish the state of the child's intellectual development. After all, when analyzing a speech disorder by a speech therapist, the state of the intellect is the main factor. It is important to identify the root cause of the disorder: it may be mental retardation, delaying and distorting speech development, or it may be a severe speech disorder that detains the child's overall development. To determine what is behind a speech violation, special techniques are held.
The speech therapist must think in advance how the lessons will be conducted. In doing so, he must take into account, first of all, the age of the child, and then some other factors (to talk with the child's parents), which will help him to establish contact with the child. The contact of the speech therapist with the child is necessary for the child to willingly carry out assignments and requests, answer questions.
Speech therapist in the process of the survey can choose the appropriate tactics of the game, which will allow to accurately diagnose speech disorders. After all, as is known, all children love to play, so the child will not feel discomfort, and for the speech therapist the game form of the survey will be very informative.
Speech therapist can use another methodical method of diagnosis, which consists in actively monitoring the child, when the latter fulfills the gaming and educational tasks assigned to him. In this case, the speech therapist offers the child a picture or a toy and tells what to do with the subject.
Tasks that are associated with the processes of generalization and distraction are of great importance:
- To arrange in a row sequentially images that are related to each other by a certain content, that is, from a picture to a picture there must be a certain action.
- Classify pictures by groups: furniture, dishes, vegetables, toys, fruits. Lay out pictures on the table in groups and explain to the child why they are in the same group, then tell how all the items from this group can be called one word.