A game
The game is a special kind of activity, expressed in a free form, arising in response to the need of the community to prepare for the life of the younger generation. Children not only choose the story of the game, but also attach importance to those subjects that are involved in this game. At the same time, they experience maximum pleasure.
The main function of the game is to get acquainted with the properties and qualities of objects, and also the ability to act according to their purpose.
The subject matter is largely determined by the social period in which the child lives, and his personal qualities. Favorite roles are the roles of those people who take a special place in the life of the baby.
The plot-role play is based on the presentation of children about the world of adults - their motives, sense of purpose, activity. Taken on a role in the game determines the ways and characteristics of the child. He will act not as you like, but as it is prescribed by the role, obeying certain rules. In some games, he can fulfill the role of a son or daughter, in others - a teacher. Communication styles will be significantly different.
In the game there is an active mastery of all means of communication - verbal and inverbal. There is a transformation of the already existing qualities and the development of new, necessary in the conditions of the game.
In the game, communicative qualities are formed: the ability to act according to a common goal, to share game materials in common. Thus, the construction of personal characteristics is underway.
In games with professional subjects, the properties necessary for performing various types of labor and training activities are acquired.
The lowest level of game communication is observed in children playing alone, giving toys properties of living beings and communicating with them. In this case, it is not talked about by dialogues, but by the child from another person and reduces to phrases that mean actions.
To prepare children for entry into social relations, adults create toys for themselves. The first toy is a rattle, through which the communication between an adult and a child is carried out. Function - maintaining the involuntary attention of the baby. At the fifth month there is a reaction of grasping, there is the ability to make some manipulations with toys. By the end of the first year of life, a cause-and-effect relationship is established (if the rattle shakes, the tone will ring).
Didactic toys allow the child to develop sensory standards and methods of action.
- Games with dolls help the child defend ototritsionnyh experiences, relieve emotional stress, compensate for the lack of love from adults.
- Toys-tools develop subjective actions in prirabotke with natural material.
- Technical toys push the child to experiment, awaken cognitive processes.
- Toys-crafts stimulate creativity, are a way of self-expression.
With the help of the game, the child learns various areas of reality, manifests his independence. The game gives him knowledge about the surrounding reality, modernizing them to a higher level. In games, the basic spiritual needs necessary for the formation of personality are realized.
Deprivation
The full development of the child depends on the impact on it of various stimuli - sensory, cognitive, emotional and others. Their deficit has a negative impact on the child's psyche.
In psychology, such a concept as deprivation is widely known. Deprivation - this is a mental state, for which a person experiences inadequate satisfaction of his needs. Depending on the nature of the deprivation tested, it is common to distinguish several types of deprivation.
Sensory deprivation. With sensory deprivation the child experiences sensory hunger - does not receive enough visual, auditory, tactile and other stimuli, that is, it grows in a depleted environment. Children's homes, hospitals, boarding schools, etc. can serve as an example of a lonely environment. Takayasreda is dangerous for people of any age, but for children it is especially destructive.
The child begins to experience the need for impressions at 3-5 weeks of life, therefore it is especially important that in infancy they are sufficiently large. This is due to the fact that it is in the process of information entering the brain from the outside world and its processing that the senses and brain structures are exercised. The brain regions that do not exercise can not develop normally and are atrophied. Please note that sensory deprivation can adversely affect a person's napsihike at any age. Take care that the child grows in a wraparound, rich and developing environment. Otherwise, mental activity will be disturbed, even personality disorders are possible.
Information deprivation. Information deprivation prevents the child from creating adequate models of the surrounding world. If there is no necessary information about the links between objects and phenomena, a person has false beliefs.
Social deprivation. Social deprivation occurs in people who are socially marginalized and have limited contacts with other people.
Maternal deprivation. Maternal deprivation causes a number of mental disorders as a result of the lack of emotional connection between the child and the mother. It is possible to consider it as a serious insensitive condition, leading to a person's emotional insensitivity.
The child must grow in an atmosphere of emotional warmth and be attached to the mother. Children, devoid of emotional connection with the mother, have, as a rule, serious deviations in mental health.
In people who are educated in the conditions of complete maternal deprivation, there is an increased tendency to the emergence of fears - increased sensitivity to novelty, the emergence of new people and toys, the variability of the environment. Fears have a general inhibitory effect on the development of motor skills, games of imagination.
The constancy of maternal care that meets the child's needs is a prerequisite for the emerging feeling of trust that is necessary for healthy mental development.
Grow healthy!