In the first months of the baby's life, acquaintance with the world occurs through hearing, the child is afraid of sharp sounds. When he activates the visual zones of the brain (this usually occurs in 6-12 months), the baby begins to fear what he sees. During this period, there is a maximum of fear at the sight of strangers, as in the first place as an analyzer of the world goes sight. A protective reflex tells the kid that all the unfamiliar can be dangerous, so he begins to be capricious. Approximately at this age the child begins to divide others into "his" and "strangers". Any person whom the child sees occasionally can get to the "stranger". When they appear, the baby can scream and cry. This is because the child experiences a feeling of fear and anxiety at the sight of a person different from his mother, he is afraid of the sudden impact on him of this person. It is at this age that children begin to follow their mother's "tail".
In boys, this can be observed up to three years, in girls - up to two and a half. The kid feels anxiety and loneliness, if you interrupt his visual or physical contact with a loved one. To overcome children's fear, talk with the person who should come to visit you. Let him at first calmly sit and look, and you at this time will be next to your child, even better, if the baby is in your arms. The child will see that the mother quietly communicates with this person, smiles at him, understands that the new person does not pose a danger to him, and gradually gets used to it. Then let your guest offer a toy to a child, try to talk quietly with him, and then your "child" will surely go with him to contact, and after a while will take it for "his".
Also the kid does not want to go to see a doctor in the hospital, because he is afraid of strangers strangers to him. The baby can get so excited at the sight of an unfamiliar uncle or aunt in a white coat that will cry for a long time, even when leaving the hospital. But visiting a doctor can be made less painful if you accustom your child to it, for example, playing with him at home in the "hospital." You can buy a set of children's medical instruments, sew some toy, doll or teddy bear a white robe - they will be doctors. Let the baby heals himself and puts the compresses on his toys, smears his paws with ointment, bandages them. But all these actions, of course, you must show him, because without your active participation in this game, the kid will find it difficult to understand the whole process. It does not hurt even if you buy a book "Aibolit" and read it to your child.
With the child you need as often as possible to visit public places, walk with him on busy playgrounds, parks, so that he gradually gets used to the fact that around him a lot of people. And only after that quietly teach him to go on a visit.
In this period of your child's life you can not be reproached for "cowardice"; You can not frighten a child for educational purposes with his uncle, a babe, a policeman, a wolf, or somebody else that he will come and take him if the child does not obey; You can not receive many guests during his infancy; You can not leave your baby with strangers, strangers.
Also, it is not necessary, as a training, to force a child to communicate with his uncle or aunt who frightens him. Try to treat his anxiety with understanding and respect - it indicates the development of the baby, because he begins to distinguish between "his" and "strangers."
Some parents do not attach much importance to children's fright, they begin to talk to their baby, for example, that this is his grandfather, so that he goes to his arms, the presence of strangers in the house affects the baby in different ways. But the child at this time sweeps thoughts in a small head that this grandfather does not look like his mother, that he does not smell like his mother, and in general it is not known what he will do with me. The little one starts screaming and crying, so still get into the position of the crumb, and, as it was already written, let him get used to the stranger for a while.
Through fear of unfamiliar people, almost all children go, even those in whose families everything is stable and calm. But as you know, this and any other fear of kids living in a calm, conflict-free, kind and respectful home atmosphere grows faster and easier.
Psychologists note one interesting fact: in families with a traditional distribution of roles, when the father is active, and the mother is soft, children grow less anxious. Try to help your child survive this difficult stage in his life.
Mom and dad need to be especially careful about their child, try not to shift his education to the shoulders of grandmothers and nannies, as much time as possible to give to his child, do not stay away from him for a long time, refuse to travel and leave. However, if the separation (leaving or going to work) with the child is still inevitable, then no less than a month, begin to accustom your baby to the person with whom he will have to spend time. It is better to gradually introduce an assistant in the life of your family: let the grandmother or nanny first time just come to you, together with you playing with the baby, cares for him. You should always be there during this period, and only after a while you can try to leave the child alone with this person. The best thing that parents can do is to carefully live this period together with their baby. After all, the guarantee of a happy state of the adult's psyche is the children's fears experienced in time.
Do not fight purposefully with fear. After 14-18 months, fear decreases, and by two years usually passes completely. Listen to these tips, but most importantly - believe in yourself and your baby, create for him all the necessary conditions for development, and then he will necessarily grow out of a small lump a strong and healthy person.