The effect of massage on respiratory, cardiac activity of the young organism, general hardening and resistance to various diseases, we said above. However, parents need to know and constantly remember that there are contraindications to massage. Not every child can carry out this procedure. In addition, the effectiveness of massage depends on the strength and nature of the massage, its duration. What massage is preferred for various diseases in the child, find out in the article on the topic "Massage, physiotherapy as a means of rehabilitation of disabled children".
First of all, it is necessary to remember that massage and physiotherapy are strictly contraindicated for children and invalids suffering from blood diseases. You can not do massage for those children who have various skin lesions, rashes or malignant abscesses and tumors. Tuberculosis, thrombophlebitis, inflammatory processes in the child's body also cause contraindications to the massage. It is not recommended to do massage with acute respiratory diseases. Even if your child does not suffer from any of the listed diseases and is practically healthy, nevertheless, before proceeding to massage his body, it is necessary to consult a local children's doctor. Another condition that must be observed in this case is to make sure that before the massage and immediately afterwards the child does not eat. Until the time of the massage should be at least one and a half hours after the last meal. To start eating after the massage can not be earlier than an hour. Only then massage will give a positive result. And, of course, when carrying out the massage, it is necessary to take into account the child's age, individual characteristics, lifestyle and health.
Features of massage and physiotherapy for diseases of the cardiovascular system
Of cardiovascular diseases, hypertension is most common in children, that is, increased blood pressure, and heart disease.
Hypertonic disease
This disease often occurs in children and invalids, especially during puberty, that is, in the twelve to fifteen years. The heart of a person pumps a large amount of blood, which is carried through blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) to all organs and tissues, bringing oxygen to them, necessary for their work, and taking carbon dioxide from them. Moving on blood vessels, blood creates pressure in them, and this pressure is the less, the farther from the heart the blood vessel is. The force of pressure in large blood vessels, arteries, and determines blood, or arterial, human pressure. To measure it, a sphygmomanometer is used. Arterial pressure depends on the individual characteristics of a person, his age, type of activity and health. In an adult healthy person, it is 100-140 / 70-90 millimeters of mercury. In children, blood pressure can be calculated as follows: 80 + 2 a, where a is the number of years of the child. The sum of these figures also gives the value of normal blood pressure at one or another age. Blood pressure in children with disabilities, as a rule, is kept within the norm. When a child begins to attend school, school problems come crashing down on him: he has to stay in the room for a longer time, moves a little, add to this an endless stream of information that he must learn, and so on and so forth. As a result of these loads, there is often an increase in blood pressure in children. The reason for the increase in pressure is also malnutrition, sleep disturbance, emotional overload and sexual maturation of the child. The constant increase in blood pressure in a child and disabled children leads to a disease.
That is why, given the above, before you massage a disabled child, you must first consult a doctor. At the time of exacerbation of the disease, that is, during the period of hypertensive crisis, massage to the child is strictly contraindicated. At the same time, when the pressure is within normal limits, massage is simply necessary. This massage will allow the young body to relax, calm down, forget about the problems. Under the influence of massage the work of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is normalized, blood circulation will improve, the nervous system will calm down. However, when starting a massage for a child who often has an increase in blood pressure, it must be remembered that the massage procedure for him should qualitatively differ from the massage for practically healthy children.
Massage of the limbs of a child with diseases of the cardiovascular system is performed according to general rules. But the massage of the chest and back, that is, the region of the location of the heart, has its own characteristics. The back massage begins with stroking. Strokes are produced along or across. The movements of the hands of the masseur must be gentle and not strong. Then rubbing is performed. More vigorous movements of the palms, fists, fingers rub the back surface from the center to the periphery and vice versa. These movements need to be done more slowly and exert more force than with stroking. Stirring is followed by stroking. Then you can repeat the rubbing. And in the first case rubbing can be carried out with fists, and then with palms, fingers of hands. This will diversify the massage, since massage for children with cardiovascular diseases, which includes hypertension, is limited to only these two methods. Strongly contraindicated in this case kneading, vibration, patting, rubbing, shaking, shaking, pushing and other intense power tricks. This requirement applies both to preventive and therapeutic massage of a child with diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Massage of the heart
In children, and especially in secondary school age, that is, during the period of puberty of the child, there are often cases when there is a spasm of the coronary vessels and cardiac arrest. This can happen in children suffering from diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as under the influence of electric current or lightning. At the same time the skin of the child's face becomes pale, he loses consciousness, the pupils dilate. Often this leads to seizures and partial or complete disappearance of the pulse. In this case, urgent measures must be taken to restore the work of his heart. To provide timely assistance to the child, it is necessary to urgently hold a heart massage. To children of primary school age, heart massage should be done with one hand, and infants and newborn children - with two fingers of the hand, so as not to damage the baby's chest, as its bone system is very fragile.
External, or indirect, heart massage can be performed by almost any adult. The child must be laid on a hard surface. The legs of the injured child should be slightly raised above the surface, placing a pillow underneath, a rolled up outer garment or otherwise. The masseuse must stand next to the disabled and put one hand on the baby's chest. To increase pressure on the heart area, the second arm should be placed on top of the first. Then, bending over the child, with all the force of gravity of his body, make a sharp pressure on the victim's chest. After that, immediately remove your hands from the baby's chest. Such movements should be repeated until the child again begins to breathe normally and does not come to himself.
It is better if two adults are exercising a heart massage to a child who has lost consciousness. At a time when one of them will produce a massage, the other should perform artificial mouth-to-mouth breathing. The combination of these procedures will facilitate the rapid restoration of the functions of the systems and organs of the affected child. Moreover, massage and artificial respiration should alternate: one breath for five squeezing the baby's chest. Indirect massage in combination with artificial respiration is the first pre-medical care for the victim. It helps to save the child's life, and some time after the beginning of these simple procedures the victim has a pulse, the pupils contract and he begins to breathe. In any case, when the heart is completely stopped, it is necessary to call an "ambulance".
Features of massage with diseases of the digestive system
There are a lot of diseases of the digestive system: gastritis, colitis, peptic ulcer, hemorrhoids, diarrhea, constipation and so on. If these diseases are detected, the child should consult with the treating or district doctor about the effect of massage on the baby's body. In each case, massage should be carried out according to strictly defined rules. The disabled child has to stay in the sitting position for a long time. This is five-six hours of school lessons, and preparing homework. As a result, his digestive system is constantly compressed. They stagnate blood, and as a result, the child often disrupts the digestive system. Violation of blood circulation in the stomach and intestines leads to the fact that the food is not completely processed and "lies" in the digestive organs. For this reason, and because of a violation of diet, the child often has constipation, which is accompanied by severe pain in the abdomen, nausea and often vomiting.
To prevent stagnant phenomena in the intestine, you must perform a daily general massage. With a general massage, the hands of the masseur act on the nerve endings located on the surface of the baby's skin, irritating them. Nerve endings give the necessary signals to the cerebral cortex, and the latter, in turn, transmits information to various organs and tissues of the child's body. This entails the normalization of their activities and the overall strengthening of the health of the baby. In addition to general body massage, the child can help his digestive system on his own. For this, there is a self-massage of the abdomen, which was described above. The simplest movements of hands that any child can perform on their own will not take much time, but they will help to avoid overloading and stagnation of the digestive system. Even during the lesson, sitting at a desk, or during a break between lessons, a child can hold a self-massage session of the abdomen. A two-five-minute self-massage procedure for the abdomen will give immediate results. In this case, there will be a rush of blood to the stomach and internal organs of digestion. The intensive work of the intestines will begin, which will help to avoid the development of diseases of the digestive system.
Features of massage in diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Among the diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which children are most often exposed to, joint diseases and fractures are most common. They can be at rest for only a short time - 10 to 30 minutes. But this is quite enough for them to immediately break off at a convenient opportunity and begin to act: climb, jump, run and so on. As a result, very often there are cases when a child falls, and his fragile bone tissue does not stand up, as a result, a fracture of individual bones occurs. Most often, limbs are broken: arms and legs. The first help of adults in this case is to steadily fix the broken limb with a tire or bandage, as soon as possible to transport the disabled child to a medical institution where he will be provided with qualified help in removing bone fragments and fixing it in the necessary position by superimposing gypsum. Next will be a long period of coalescence of a young bone, which can last from several weeks to several months. After the bone has grown together and the gypsum is removed, the most difficult period, perhaps the most difficult period, is the process of restoring the limbs, which have been deprived of the ability to move for a long time, and have lost this ability. This is where physical exercises and massage will play an important role. Usually, with joint diseases and fractures, massage is prescribed to the children by the attending physician and carried out by medical personnel until complete recovery. However, parents and adult family members can greatly facilitate and shorten the process of recovery of the child. Methods of massage in different cases will be used different. It depends on the child's age, the type of fracture and how rehabilitation is going on. After consultation with the attending physician, you can carry out simple gymnastic exercises and massage the damaged part of the body, most often the limb.
Do not underestimate the preventive properties of the massage, preventing a fracture of a young bone. With constant exercise of massage, the bone and muscle tissue of the child is significantly strengthened and less injured. With rheumatism, massage is performed according to general rules with the implementation of special procedures. In this case, instead of cream or talc, it is best to use strong wine-salt or honey-salt solution. They can be cooked at home. To do this, it is necessary to dissolve large table salt in vodka or liquid honey. Keep this mixture in a dark cool place. However, before applying it to the surface of the body, it needs to be slightly heated. Wine or honey saline solutions will promote faster recovery. After the massage, the sore spot must be thoroughly insulated.
Features of massage with diseases of the respiratory system
Respiratory diseases include bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, pleurisy, pulmonary tuberculosis, bronchial asthma and others. Most of these diseases affect children due to exposure, the environment, and also because of hypothermia. An incomparable role in the prevention of diseases of the respiratory system and the respiratory system as a whole is played by the general hardening of the young organism. The procedures for tempering the respiratory system in this case include air and water procedures, as well as gymnastics and massage.
Massage affects the respiratory and nervous system, contributing to their qualitative changes and development in the body of resistance to various factors that adversely affect them. When the massage strengthens the muscle tone and respiratory muscles, improves blood circulation in the child, increases heat exchange and ventilation in the lungs. The right to choose a massage for various diseases of the respiratory system and the respiratory system as a whole belongs to the doctor-specialist, since various organs affect and suffer from various diseases. However, knowing the general requirements for children's gymnastics and massage will allow adult family members to help the child recover. Prevention of diseases of the respiratory system of the child, as noted above, is entirely the responsibility of parents and other adult family members.
Features of massage in diseases of the nervous system and rehabilitation
The human nervous system is the link in the chain called "organism", since it regulates the activity of all organs and systems as a whole, ensures their functioning and connection with the environment. In turn, other systems and bodies immediately respond to information about deviations and failures in them. For example, a violation of the heart, digestive system and other organs entails a violation of the psyche and nervous activity in general. This relationship and the mutual influence of systems and organs dictate the need for constant monitoring of the working capacity of all organs and systems of the child's organism. Especially strong influence on the nervous system, as well as on other systems and organs, the child experiences malaise. Constant mental stress, malnutrition, low mobility lead to the child becoming unrestrained in his words and deeds, his sleep is disturbed, he loses his appetite, often experiences headaches, quickly becomes tired. Particularly exacerbated by his health condition, if the child does not have a regime of the day. As a result, there are disruptions in the work of the cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive systems, the nervous system suffers. In this case, the child can be helped by the observance of the regime of the day, in which the optimal amount of time for labor, mental and gaming activities is allocated. Massage performs not only a therapeutic function, restoring the normal operation of all organs and systems of the child, but also preventive, strengthening the children's body as a whole.
Features of massage and contraindications for skin diseases and rehabilitation
In different periods of life the child is haunted by a variety of skin diseases. These are diaper rash in the newborn and infancy and sweating in the middle and older age; pustular and fungal skin diseases; acne and pimples; warts and scabies; urticaria and eczema; allergies and burns and so on and so forth. That is why, from the very birth of the child, great attention must be paid to the problem of skin care for the baby. It is necessary to accustom the child himself to carry out simple water and air procedures, keeping his body clean. In addition to water and air procedures, the state of health of the baby's skin is affected by nutrition. It should be high-calorie and contain a large number of vitamins. Every day a child must necessarily begin with morning exercises and end with a general massage that will allow a tired young person to relax during the day, which, in turn, will promote a sound sleep and a healthy appetite.
In the case of maintaining a healthy complexion, elasticity of the skin, exercise, gymnastics and massage play an important role. Many of the skin diseases are not a contraindication for massage: for example, sweating, acne and the like. In this case, massage to the child is carried out according to the general rules with observance of the sanitary requirements, which allow to avoid the introduction of dirt and other harmful substances onto the child's skin. In a number of diseases of the skin of the baby - such as pustular and fungal - the massage of affected areas of the skin is contraindicated.
Contraindications for infectious and oncological diseases
Infectious diseases include influenza, angina, laryngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pneumonia and so on. Speaking about infectious and oncological diseases in children, it is necessary to take into account only the preventive side of the massage, since if the child has these diseases, the massage is contraindicated. To develop the same body resistance to various infectious diseases will help massage and self-massage. Systematic exercise of massage and self-massage in combination with proper nutrition and water procedures will avoid the development of many infectious diseases in the child or greatly facilitate and speed up their treatment. Now we know how to do massage, physiotherapy as a means of rehabilitation of disabled children.