How do you want parents to hear from their baby cherished "mom" and "dad"! But the fact that he is bursting with words is also a word, even if only the closest understand them.
"Stages of a long way"
For convenience in assessing the achievements of the baby, doctors divide the first year of life into four stages: from birth to three months, from four to six, from seven to nine and from ten months to a year. From the point of view of the development of speech, the first two are preparatory: at this time, emotional communication with an adult develops. On this basis, speech communication will develop in the next six months.
First three months
Immediately after birth, the baby lacks the ability to communicate and desire to communicate. However, he gradually gets used to hearing during the feeding and wakefulness of the calm, affectionate voice of my mother. In this, at first glance, unilateral communication, the magical power of emotional mother-child contact already exists.
By the end of the first month of life, the baby begins to hold his mother's face for a short while. In 1-2 months he answers with a smile to talk with him and watches the moving toy, listens to her sound or to the voice of an adult.
In 1-1,5 months the child actively "demonstrates" and his voice. If his very first sounds were jerky, guttural (something like "kh", "gy"), now they are replaced by lingering and melodious: "ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh These vocal reactions are called walking.
In 2-3 months, the little man appears and signs of need for communication: during contacts with an adult, he animatedly moves handles and legs, smiling, makes various sounds. Such a common motor activity and vocal reactions are called a "revitalization complex." His presence is a good sign: with the development of the child, everything is in order!
Three to six months
The child almost daily pleases his family with new achievements: he laughs loudly at communication, often smiles, turns his head towards the source of sound and finds it with his eyes, recognizes his mother. And yet, for a long time he sings: "al-le-e-ly-ay-ay" ... These vocal exercises are called a pipe.
At 4 months babble appears: the kid moves from the vocalization of the vowels to the pronunciation of syllables consisting of sonorous and deaf consonant sounds. At first this is really only separate syllables: "ba", "ma", but then they are repeated many times: "ma-ma", "ma-ma-ma", "ba-ba", "ba-ba-ba".
Lepet is not only a manifestation of the child's good mood (he is safe, he is fed, he is dry and warm), this is also the training of the vocal, respiratory and articulatory apparatus. Therefore babble should be maintained and developed, teaching the child to imitate different sounds and sound combinations. "Lesson of babbling" is best spent an hour after the baby woke up.
At 5 months the child recognizes the voice of a loved one, discerns a tender and strict intonation, the face of a familiar and unfamiliar adult.
By the age of 6 months, the baby begins to react to his or her name. In addition to sounds in communication, he includes a smile, expressive intonations-joyful or plaintive, maybe angry. Thus, the kid actively "talks" and himself asks for "interlocutors".
Six to nine months
The child's world expands significantly: his opportunities for cognition and relationships with his relatives are enriched, and independent movements and actions become more complicated. Now an adult can tell a kid about many interesting things. However, it is impossible to do this only in the language of emotions, the development of a new form of communication-speech is required. Speech communication is not only the pronouncing by the child of syllables, words, the first phrases, but also the understanding of the speech addressed to him.
When talking with a baby, an adult needs to clearly call the objects and attract his attention: "Here's a bunny," "Here's a cup," "Take a spoon, we'll eat," etc. A new word should be distinguished by voice, pause and repeat the same situation repeatedly.
At about 7 months the child, hearing a familiar word: "Where is the bunny?", "Where is the cup?" - begins to look for the object with his eyes. By the age of eight months, at the request of an adult, he performs the learned activities, for example: "give me a pen", "ladushki", "goodbye", etc. At 9 months he knows his name well and turns to call.
In 8,5-9,5 months the kid not only repeats familiar and some unfamiliar syllables for adults, but also tries to imitate their intonations (modulated babbling). He can persistently and repeatedly repeat the same sound, syllable.
From nine months to a year
This period is a real school of verbal communication. From 9-10 months the baby can repeat for the adult all new syllables. By the age of 10 months, he learns, at the request of an adult, to find and give him familiar objects, he plays with pleasure in "Soroka-Beloboku", "Ladushki".
Syllables included in the babble of the child, by 10-11 months, become part of the words: "ma-ma-ma" - "mother", "ba-ba-ba" - "baba", "yes-da-da" - give . By the end of the first year of life, the child repeats for an adult and himself pronounces 5-10 words.
These words are very simple yet, but they already mean certain concepts: mother, father, woman, ks-ks, am-am, etc. It is important that adults follow the simplified words with the correct verbal designation. For example, showing the dog, you have to say: "Dog, av-av" or "Machine, bi-bi."
To make clearer connections between the word and the subject, it is necessary to accompany the performed actions with speech. For example, to show the baby during dressing, washing, feeding the appropriate items and actions. You can try using his speech to direct his activities: ask him to bring or take a toy to the place. It is also very important that the child has an adequate reaction to the word "not" by the end of the first year of life: you can not take a knife, touch hot, etc.
The way of development of children's speech is complicated. But your help and faith in the success of the baby will certainly help him by the end of the first year of life to say the desired for you and such an important word, "Mom!"
OLGA STEPANOVA, speech therapist, Cand. ped. science
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