Not so long ago in Japan it was noticed that the children who sat at a computer and learned to write using the keyboard stopped talking. Scientists saw the reason that typing on the keyboard does not work at all those points of the hand that have a connection with the brain areas responsible for the development of speech. And without stimulation they do not develop. It turned out that the letter with a ballpoint pen and drawing with a pencil is not as old and obsolete and unnecessary lessons. Let's talk about the importance of fine motor skills in children and consider options for exercises for the development of fine motor skills.
Great importance of fine motor skills.
Under the definition of "fine motor skills", about which so many people write and so many children's doctors say, the movements of small muscles of the hands are hidden. Everyone says that they need to be developed. And quite rightly. Because the whole further life of the child will require the use of precise, coordinated movements of the hands and fingers. After all, he will need to dress, draw and write, as well as perform many household manipulations.
But small motor skills are given great importance also because it is interconnected with speech. The higher the motor activity of a small man, the better developed his speech. Conversely, in children with a delay in speech development, poor coordination of fine motor fingers is observed.
The fact is that in the human brain the centers responsible for speech and finger movements are side by side. And the stimulation of one zone significantly affects the development of the neighboring zone. Therefore, teaching the baby speech, it will not be enough to focus only on pronunciation. In parallel, you need to develop the dexterity of your fingers. It has already been proved that even such simple exercises as "Ladushki", "Soroka-Beloboka", "Goat Horned" are not just fun for kids, but very useful gymnastics for pens. Whatever you say, our ancestors were very wise, if, even without the current scientific knowledge, they noticed the interdependence of the development of speech and motor skills.
From the cradle to six months.
Develop motor skills to begin almost from birth. Whether you feed the baby, put him to sleep, or indulge in moments of his wakefulness, quietly touch his fingers, gently pull, make each circular movement. This kind of massage is the training of fine motor skills in infancy.
The newborn's fingers are still clenched into a fist. With age, he, of course, will open them, but in your power to him in this little help. Smooth his palm with your face and hair, let him touch your nose and lips. Put into his pen various objects with different texture - rubber hedgehogs, fur balls, etc.
By 3-4 months, the baby's coordination develops so much that he can already grab things himself. He pulls his hands to everything that only gets in his field of vision - a rattle or a mobile phone.
At this stage it is useful to teach the child to press the knobs on the buttons or keys. The best thing for this is a small piano: the baby will be interested to press the key and in response to his movement get a sound. At first, it can be just a blow to the keys.
From 6 months to a year.
With 6 months to strengthen the muscles of the hands, teach the child to comb his hair with no combs. Just take the child's handle, lift it up and smoothly move it along the head back and forth, as if the kid is stroking himself good. This is useful in that when performing this exercise, the muscles of the shoulder girdle, palms, fingers are involved. At this age it is very useful to roll walnut for 3-4 minutes between the palms of the child in a circular motion.
In 7-8 months, a small researcher learns to break, dismantle toys, make noise with objects and clap hands. Give the child in the hands of large bright toys, then smaller ones, so that he would touch them. Just for the development of fine motor skills, the popular favorite games of "Soroka-Beloboka", "Ku-ku", "Goat-horned" always come up for hands.
For about 10 months, the child begins to turn everything that comes to hand, whether it's a box of toys or a bag of croup, and pour the contents onto the floor. A lot of consoling, by the end of the first year the child at last starts using objects for their direct purpose: from a spoon to eat, and by phone dial the number and talk. You can buy him a toy phone so that he learns to click on different buttons. Begin to teach the child to keep a spoon and a cup. Meet him with a pencil and learn how to draw scribbles.
At this age, not only specially designed toys are interesting, but also all the mother's mums jars, handbags and cosmetic bags. Therefore, prepare special jars that open and close differently, purses or handbags with different buttons and zippers. It is desirable, that all the same there were not things of the daily use, being with you in shops, polyclinics, public transport. Do not forget that the kid is always trying to try "in the teeth."
From one year to two.
To develop the baby's fingers, 5-10 minutes exercises are enough, but they should be regular. Useful lessons such as weaving, modeling of plasticine, games with a designer, mosaic, tearing paper into parts, drawing with pencils and finger paints.
At this age, kids try to be useful to moms. Therefore, in order to interest your little girl, ask him to help you sort out the multicolored beans that you previously mixed. The same trick can be done with peas, nuts.
You can offer the child a spoon to pour sugar or a mango from one cup to another. If it's hard for him, let him handle the beans or peas from one plate to another.
After one and a half years can put before your child more difficult tasks: fastening buttons, tying and untying knots, pouring water from a container with a narrow neck into a container with a wide neck. It will be useful to catch toys from the basin with croup or sand.
In general, the more a kid can do, the more opportunities you have for him to develop. And, of course, do not forget about all your favorite nursery rhymes.
Telling them, teach the child to alternately bend fingers:
This finger - went to the forest,
This finger - found the mushroom,
This finger - took the place,
This finger - will lie tightly,
This finger - ate a lot,
That's why he got fat.
Which finger is fat, you, I think, understood. Classics of the genre is also considered a hilarious poem about the family:
This finger is a grandfather,
This finger is a grandmother,
This finger is a papa,
This finger is a mama,
This finger - Kolenka (Olenka, Irochka, Sashenka, etc.)
And with this poteshkoy task is a bit complicated. Instead of simply bending the fingers alternately, connect the thumb to each of the fingers:
"Finger boy, where have you been?"
"I went with this brother to the forest."
With this brother soup cooked,
With this brother porridge ate.
With this brother of the song he sang!
Two to three years.
Often play with the child in the ball - this is a very valuable simulator for pens. The ball can be beaten toys, aiming at the basket, rolling in a straight line, throwing upwards, backwards, playing football.
It is useful to fiddle with loose materials, for example, with sand. But if the window is winter or rain, then the trip to the sandbox can be replaced with a game with cereals, pasta, beads. They can be poured, hand-shifted or spooned, shoved through bottlenecks into bottles and jars, laid out in egg cells. It's clear that vigilance here comes first. Remember that they write on toys from kinder-surprises! That's the same. If you observe a tendency to tuck small objects in your mouth or nose, refrain from playing. Better let the kid play under your supervision. On his own, he will learn more secure things.
Kalyaki Malyaki and not only.
Drawing at this age is reduced to the fact that, in addition to arbitrary Kalyak Malyak, the child learned to draw the simplest missing elements of the picture you have drawn. For example, two little men or little animals flew balloons, and the baby needs to be connected - "tied" with threads. It is desirable that the strings have already been painted in a pale color, so that the child can understand what and how to draw.
You can invite him to finish the rain, which pours from the cloud, sun rays, human hair, stems of flowers, "resemble" a brush with a dark paint over white snow (a sheet of paper). Draw waves in the sea and ask the kid to draw them again.
It is always interesting to play hide and seek on paper. To do this, draw or paste stickers, for example, a wolf and a bunny. The bunny is very afraid of the wolf and the kid needs to hide it - paint over as thickly as possible so that the wolf can not find it. You can hide anything: a child from flies, a bunny from a hunter, etc.
Fingers are boys.
Pay attention that even in everyday life you can completely and unconsciously see a lot of interesting and useful exercises for the development of fine motor skills. For example, you have scattered beads or cereals. Do not rush to clean yourself, call for help from your tomboy, let them train them to collect. Similarly, on occasion, ask him to collect the mote from the floor, open the mailbox with a key, roll the threads into a tangle, polish shoes with a sponge, wipe the dust, turn the page of the book. Be tolerant of awkward movements - that's the meaning of your actions.
After 2.5 years instead of nursery rhyme, start practicing finger exercises. Show him how to draw a lot of interesting things with 5-10 fingers: the index and middle fingers "run" around the table - it's a man, and if you show a finger and a little finger from the cam, you get a goat. Here, your fantasy can come up with various various plots of finger games. "Little people" can run race, dance, walk on cells. Remember how you in your childhood played with a shadow on the wall, showing your fingers a dog, a hare, a swan. The kid will also be fun to learn how to make glasses from the thumb and forefinger of both hands.