At this time, one of the most important and complex systems is actively changing, namely the visual system. There are strong changes in it. A young organism learns to use it. Many mothers noticed that the child at first, as if nothing sees, although sometimes it seems that he is looking at something carefully. The baby's eyes are almost always dilated, the eyes "wander" independently of each other. And although this seems to be abnormal or a sign of a disease, it's not worth worrying about. We all went through this period, we all learned to look. And they studied during the first years of life. If someone has clear memories from this period, then he will remember that in particular everything "stood upside down," and this is only one of many features of our vision.
Features of the visual system of newborns:
The baby sees the first two weeks very badly, his eyes are able to distinguish only brighter - darker, no clear outlines. This is because he can not yet control his eyes, their muscles are still weak, and they themselves are still small. In addition, neural connections between the optic nerve and the occipital part of the cerebral cortex were not completely formed. Every day the muscles responsible for convexity of the lens are "pumped up" - they become stronger, the cornea also grows and as a result, the vision becomes clearer. Also the child at this time gradually learns to focus the sight on objects. Only after this period can you determine whether the child develops strabismus. Yes, the eyes can still come together and scatter in different directions, but every day it disappears. The movement of the eyes is becoming more coordinated.
Some researchers involved in the sight of infants believe that during the first weeks the baby sees a "flat" picture, there is no perspective effect, and it is turned upside down. Constant stress on the visual muscles, remembering and getting used to seeing things contribute to what the child begins to see, since we are all used to it. This was confirmed in the course of experiments and was refuted, to a common opinion has not yet come.
By the end of the first two weeks of life the child can already distinguish a large, bright object and monitor it if it moves slowly. All newborns are characterized by farsightedness, as a result of which they see distant objects better. This is because the muscles controlling the lens are less strained than when looking at a close object. Similarly, the newborn has a small width of the field of vision, the child normally sees before itself. And the objects located on the sides no longer fall within the boundaries of his field of vision.
"The main" items for themselves - mother's face and chest baby sees well, but this determines the instincts of survival.
After two months, the child can already see objects well and "keep" them with their eyes if they move in the horizontal plane. The ability to raise and lower your eyes to see and in the vertical plane will come to him later. After all, it is not easy work - to learn to control your body.
As already mentioned, to two months the baby can keep track of things moving from side to side, so he will follow the moving toy, relying on his eyes. However, the usual adult vision for us will not be formed until five years.
Recommendations:
Naturally, the sight of infants needs to be developed, since the age of one month in his crib, you can hang a mobile - a toy that is a pendant with toys, the mechanism of fastening which starts and rotates toys and sounds melodically.
Your baby will be happy to follow the moving and sounding subject. Fix it in the crib follows not over the head of the child, but over his tummy, about thirty centimeters apart.
In the first weeks after birth, it is not necessary to create "habitual" conditions for the baby supporting light lighting around the clock. The kid needs sunlight during the day - this will make him learn to use eyes, and his skin produces vitamin D. At night, let the night light burn. So the child will be calmer and more comfortable when he wakes you up.
Behind the eyes of your child should be carefully looked after. Watch out for foreign bodies. This, firstly, is unpleasant for him, and secondly, it is harmful to tender eyes. The eyelash can also grow incorrectly and, if blinking, scratch the cornea, which can lead to inflammation.
Also, during the first year of life, the baby is recommended to bring the ophthalmologist once every three months to look after the proper development of the visual system.