Four options
When being registered with a woman's consultation, the doctor will send you to a number of tests, including the determination of blood type and Rh factor. Having received the results, the doctor will ask to name the group and the rhesus of the future child's father. Having collected the data together, he will say about the probability of conflict between you and the fetus. Is it possible that the blood of two close people, who are you and the baby, can "quarrel"? Unfortunately yes. After all, it has its own tasks - to support the vital activity of the organism and not let into the "home" of strangers, which are the components of the blood different in the group and rhesus. There are four blood groups for analysis during pregnancy, having the following designations: I = 0 (zero), II = A, lll = B, IV = AB.
So, you have the results of the analysis done. Now you can calculate with which group the baby can be born. Make it easy. Suppose you have IV (AB) group, and your husband has I (00). We solve a simple problem: AB + 00 - AO (II), AO (II), BO (III), BO (III). Now it becomes clear that a baby will be born with a second or third blood group.
But is it only for this purpose that the blood group of the future mother is determined? Of course not. The main reason - to find out what kind of blood in an emergency it can be poured. In addition, based on the analysis, the possibility of a conflict between mother and fetus is assumed. Most often, the incompatibility of the blood group occurs in the presence of my mother I, and in the baby - II or III group (respectively, the father of the child should be the second, third or fourth group). But such a conflict is rare. More often it is not possible to "make friends" with rhesus blood for analysis during pregnancy.
The simple equation
Rhesus factor is another indicator of blood. If it is present, it is said to be positive (Rh +). He was not found in the blood? Then it is called negative (Rh-). In principle, it does not affect the life and health of an adult person. But he begins to pay special attention if the pregnant woman has Rh-blood, and the child's dad - Rh +. In this case, the baby can inherit a positive rhesus of the father, which means that there is a possibility of a rhesus-conflict with the mother. What is it manifested in? Just as with incompatibility in the blood group, the development of antibodies capable of destroying the red blood cells of the fetus begins in the mother's body. We hasten to reassure! Knowing this, doctors have learned to prevent the formation of antibodies. Thus, all Rhesus negative women who do not have anti-Rh factor antibodies in the 28th week of pregnancy show the introduction of an antiresusive immunoglobulin in the interval between the 28th and the 34th week. In Ukraine, it can be purchased at blood transfusion stations (domestic) or in a pharmacy (imported, higher quality).
Is there a conflict?
Suppose you have a possibility of conflict in the blood group or in rhesus (and possibly in two indicators at once!). Usually a progressive conflict does not affect the state of health of a woman.
How can you determine that the negative process started in the blood for analysis during pregnancy? Regularly donate blood to determine the amount (titer) of antibodies in the blood, namely: before the 32nd week - once a month; from 32nd to 35th - twice a month; after the 35th - every week. If antibodies in the blood are found in small quantities, you will have to visit the laboratory more often (tracking dynamics). Is the titer high? Most likely, a woman will be put in a hospital, where in the first place a detailed ultrasound will be performed. In exceptional cases, doctors can perform an amniocentesis (the collection of amniotic fluid from a fetal bladder under the supervision of an ultrasound study). Yes, the procedure is unpleasant and unsafe, but sometimes it is only possible in this way to reliably determine the density of water, the titer of antibodies to rhesus, and also the blood type of the baby. With a high density of amniotic fluid, which indicates the decay of red blood cells of the fetus, decide how to lead a pregnancy. It is possible to conduct a cordocentesis (taking blood from the umbilical vein under the supervision of ultrasound).
Action plan
You do not have the first pregnancy and a high antibody titer is found in the blood? Other studies have confirmed the existence of a conflict? We need to start treatment! Usually it consists of intravenous infusion of vitamins, glucose solution. To reduce the amount of antibodies in the blood of the mother, the doctor will prescribe an injection of immunoglobulin. The gestation period is small, but the titre is growing steadily?
The only nuance: cut the cord is recommended immediately, without waiting for the termination of pulsation. Conflict appeared shortly before birth? Mom is hospitalized to constantly monitor the amount of antibodies. If the increase is significant, and the condition of the crumbs worsens, then stimulation of labor or a cesarean section is indicated. After the birth of a baby, the neonatologist will immediately be engaged. The necessary research will be carried out and treatment will be prescribed to eliminate anemia, icterus, edema. You had a chance of conflict, but during pregnancy, no antibodies were found? After giving birth within 48 hours, you should be given an injection of immunoglobulin to prevent conflict in subsequent pregnancies!
Parents who have problems with conception, it seems that this is due to the conflict over the blood. But this is not so.