There are no definite frameworks in terms of child development, there are tentative terms and norms of basic development, that's all. The development of the speech of an early child is a complex process, depending on many factors, both genetic and educational conditions. If the genetic predisposition to early talkativeness is a phenomenon unchanged, the conditions for development and upbringing depend directly on the parents of the baby. After all, I think everyone knows that in dysfunctional families, children lag behind in development - they start talking late, reading, etc. And this is due, first of all, to the fact that the child is put at his disposal, nobody is engaged with him , there is no one to teach him. Some of my friends adopted a child, so he literally a month later began to actively speak and in the future to amaze everyone with his abilities. If the child was capable of an early speech, then under favorable conditions of development and upbringing, he began to actively speak.
But still, in many respects in the development of speech the child can be influenced. For this, first of all, you need to communicate as much as possible with your baby. Not in vain they recommend to talk with an unborn child, explaining this by the fact that the baby feels everything and understands enough. This has its share of truth. The body of the baby's hearing is sufficiently developed from the moment of birth, therefore it is necessary to talk with the child as often as possible. It's important not to babble with the baby, but to talk about everything in the world, as with an adult person. Tell your child how you love him, later tell what you are doing, voice, any actions, emotions. So, your child will not only feel its importance, but also receive important and useful information, and, naturally, the development of the speech of a little man will occur.
In general, all children of an early age (from birth to three years old) undergo the same stages of development of the speech apparatus . By the year the child has already spoken about ten simple words, first of all, such as "mom", "baba", "dad", "give", etc. About two years, many children can already speak small sentences of two or three words, and by the age of four, children can speak clearly and well, like adults. But, I repeat, these are the basic norms of development, and some slight deviation from them is not an anomaly.
Thus, we can distinguish three stages in the development of the speech of an early child:
· Doverbal is the period of development of the speech of the baby of the first year of life. At this stage the child practically does not say anything, but the process of speech formation is taking place. The baby can distinguish speech among many other sounds, the development of sensitivity to the nature of the speech itself.
· The transition to active speech is the development of the speech apparatus of a child of the second year of life. The kid pronounces the first words and simple two-three-word phrases. It's just during this period that it is most important for the child to receive as much emotional contact and communication with adults, first of all, with the parents.
· Perfection of speech. When the child has already received certain communication skills, his vocabulary averages 300 important words, a new jump in speech development takes place. The kid more and more begins to express his thoughts, continues to actively increase his vocabulary, improves the pronunciation of words.
The child's speech can and should be developed, not only through active communication, but also through special exercises . Some believe that speech development exercises are necessary for special indications, and it is the mission of the speech therapist to deal with a child who has a speech problem. In fact, this is not so. Many problems arise, first of all, from the wrong communication between adults and their children. Slyukanie, wrong pronunciation - the preconditions for the wrong speech of your child. Little babies, like a sponge, absorb all the information, right and wrong. Young children very well perceive the phonetics of speech, so, first of all, pay attention to your speech, and then already look for a flaw in the speech of your child.
The development of the child from birth is a complex and at the same time an interesting process. Large and small achievements of the baby largely depend on the "diligence" of adults, the same applies to the development of the child's speech apparatus. It is important not only to communicate with your child, but also to stimulate his speech activity in every possible way. To do this, it will not hurt to follow certain recommendations of specialists:
· Speak, speak and talk with your child again: voice your actions, emotions and intentions.
· Repeat with the baby his first published sounds-syllables: "ma-ma-ma", "mu-mu-mu", etc. Thus, you will be interested in the baby and support with him the "first conversation".
· It is proved that the development of speech and fine motor skills are closely related. Therefore, let the baby "feel" various materials to the touch, objects of different sizes and shapes.
• Try to respond not only to the facial expression of the baby, expressing the need, but also to stimulate him to say what he wants, for example, "give". Let the child not only with his finger show what he wants, but also calls things by their proper names.
· If your kid is interested in books - this is a direct way to the development of speech. Acquire picture books and study with the child the surrounding world: household items, animals, actions, etc.
· If the child's peers are already talking, it would be advisable to let the child into this circle of friends.
• Read to the child books, sing songs and do not try to replace live communication with talking toys.