Where does the blood end?
Everyone is well aware of the circulatory system: "tubules" of different diameters, through which the heart pumps liquid-blood, bringing oxygen to all parts of the body for breathing and nutrients for ... nutrition, of course. Well, it takes all the muck, as you know, back to the blood, which you do not even want to talk about. However, if you think hard about how this happens in practice, it becomes clear that there are no "parts of the body" in large or, to be more precise, small account, but there are only different sets of microscopic cells inside which all these wonderful processes of breathing take place -power-allocation. Each cell is surrounded by a closed shell, no "mouth" and, sorry, there is no anal opening. How does the blood exchange substances with the cell? In 1661 the Italian scientist Malpighi discovered the "second", as it were a secret, circulatory system.
About violations of microcirculation in the human body actively spoke recently because of the deterioration of the environment, increased stress and at the same time - people's desire to rejuvenate and prolong the active phase of life. Those who do not have medical education, usually mistakenly believe that microcirculation disorders are a scientific name of cardiovascular diseases. In fact, this is a completely different frustration of an entirely different body system.
Blood vessels , as is known, in the body tissues branch out wherever the smallest vessels branch onto microscopic capillaries and where the circulatory system that we know is coming to an end and a completely different system of blood microcirculation begins, where the laws of hydrostatics and hydrodynamics are quite different than for normal arteries and veins. Here, all the processes are already almost at the molecular level, because only one blood cell can pass through the capillary lumen, and erythrocytes (oxygen carriers) have to "squeeze" hard. So here we are dealing not with a physical phenomenon, a liquid-blood, but with individual cells and molecules.
The Key to Eternal Power
From what has been said above it is clear that even with a properly functioning heart and a normal movement of blood through the blood vessels in the blood microcirculation system, for various reasons there may be disruptions, usually long gone unnoticed. Infringements of microcirculation and states are called when only capillaries are affected, and with large vessels everything is in order. Such phenomena are called ischemic, and they eventually lead to: weakness, fatigue, decreased efficiency, emotional problems, and a variety of diseases of various organs, the most "popular" of which are angina pectoris and others.
Urgent case
There are situations when usually unobtrusive microcirculation disorders, on the contrary, are conspicuous. Sometimes this is a defensive reaction of the body, helping to cope with the problem, and sometimes - a situation dangerous to health and even life.
Injury. Each of us knows perfectly how it looks: first the injury turns pale - the vasoconstrictor nerves reacted. Then around there is an erythema - it reflexively dilates capillaries and small vessels, the blood flow accelerates. The liquid part of the blood gradually passes into the intercellular space, there is swelling, and the blood thickens and begins to coagulate, microthrombi are formed - in the end, the blood flow in the microcirculatory bed stops. Because of this, throbbing pain occurs.
Impotence. Disturbances of microcirculation are recognized as the cause of erectile disorders in men.
Shock . The most difficult condition is when microcirculation in all internal organs is disturbed at once. The circulatory system is unable to provide adequate supply of organs and tissues with oxygen and nutrients (after trauma, severe allergy, infection, extensive burns, blood loss). First, the cardiac output sharply decreases, and in order to control the fall in arterial pressure, the blood vessels contract sharply, after which the blood flow in the capillaries immediately slows down, microthrombi are formed. Then there is a massive stagnation of blood in the capillaries, the metabolic processes start to suffer, poisonous metabolic products accumulate in the cells, in response to this comes the paralysis of the capillaries: they begin to flow liquid, like a sieve, and the plasma of blood goes into the tissues. Accordingly, the blood inside the vessels becomes less and the heart now simply has nothing to pump. Cardiac output drops even more - the vicious cool has closed. Hence the manifestations of shock: weakness, inhibition - almost stupor, a drop in blood pressure of 80/25 mm Hg. Art. and below, the skin is cold, earthy-gray, sometimes spotty, moist due to stagnation of blood in the capillaries, thread-like pulse. In the kidneys, the discharge of urine stops, in the liver - the processing of harmful substances, in the lungs - normal breathing: self-poisoning occurs.
Blindness. Here, the disorder of microcirculation in the vessels of the eye day is not the cause, but the consequence of diabetes. Reducing vision depends on the stage of diabetes, it is often late and almost impossible to treat, but diabetes itself can be prevented.
Naturally, such a state represents a real threat to life, therefore, in the fight against shocks, resuscitators primarily restore microcirculation. To do this, apply: the flow of blood to the head and brain. The pillow is removed from under the head, it is put under the feet - so the flow of blood to the head and brain improves.
Strong vasoconstrictors: ephedrine, epinephrine, norepinephrine. In the usual practice, a modern doctor will never appoint them, they are used only in intensive care. They act briefly and very quickly in the body.