Pinworms.
The parasite most common in childhood. Females have a length of 1 cm, males - ½ cm, parasites of white color, reminiscent of scraps of thread, live in the large intestine. The fertilized female crawls out of the anus, lays eggs. This causes itching, the baby itches, the eggs fall under the nails and thus self-infection occurs: through the mouth, the eggs again enter the digestive tract, where they turn into larvae, and then again the parasites develop from them, the cycle resumes. The spread of infection occurs through the eggs that stand out from the feces, which can get on the underwear, under the fingernails and thus spread and infect others. Therefore, as a rule, most of the members of the family get infected with pinworms. Infection with these parasites induces an indeterminate nature of abdominal pain, but the main complaints are an unpleasant itch in the anal area that makes the child restless, disturbs his sleep. Eggs of worms can be found in scrapes taken from perianal folds.
Treatment. Success can only be achieved if, along with the destruction of worms, the vicious cycle of re-infection, that is, the cycle described above, is broken, and, in addition, all other members of the family will be treated at the same time. The child should sleep in closed pants and always keep clean. Twice a day a child needs to change underwear, wash and iron. Drugs from worms many (pyrantel, vermox, fed) and the most suitable will appoint you a doctor. It should be remembered that for treatment and prevention, there are different regimens for taking medications.
Askaridoz .
Invasion of ascarids often causes severe reactions. Developed roundworms reach a length of 15-40 cm, are like earthworms, reddish-yellow females are larger than males. Parasites live in the small intestine, their eggs with feces are released to the outside, fall into the ground and, being preserved there, acquire the ability to infest. With the soil contaminated by them, parasites fall on vegetables, then into the human intestines. Developed in the intestine larvae begin to spread in a special way, they perforate the wall of the intestine, get into the bloodstream and with blood - into the lungs, settling in the alveoli, from there with swallowed sputum back into the intestine, where after several weeks they turn into an adult.
Clinical picture . Patients complain of headaches, general weakness, fatigue, sometimes a fever. Symptoms of the disease are caused by the mechanical action of adult adults, on the other hand - the products of their metabolism, which have an allergic or toxic effect on the body. A large number of ascarids can cause obstructive ileus of the intestine, blockage of the biliary tract causes jaundice, airway obstruction can cause breathing disorders. Ascarid larvae, circulating in the blood, 2 weeks after infection can cause eosinophilic infiltrates in the lungs, which last for 3-4 days, are accompanied by a cough, but do not differ in severe symptomatology. High eosinophilia is observed in the blood. Adult worms in large numbers are excreted through the rectum, and sometimes through the mouth. At ascariasis various symptoms of toxic and allergic character are observed: exanthema, allergic attacks, diarrhea, colic, in some cases - reactions from the nervous system - irritability, restless sleep, night fears, less often hysterical and epileptic seizures.
To treat ascariasis use antihistamines, decaris, pyrantel, piperazine, which should appoint a doctor.
Prevention.
The complex of preventive measures with ascariasis is directed to:
- identification and treatment of invasive;
- soil protection from fecal contamination
- conducting sanitary and educational work among the population.