Pathologically, there are two types of this disease: adult and infantile. Polycystic kidney is possible with an autosomal dominant gene, that is, passed from parent to child, well, or inheritance by the type of autosomal-resistive genes, that is, when both parents are carriers of the disease. Polycystic kidney disease occurs due to a violation of the structure of the kidney or its formation and bookmarking in the prenatal period, and sometimes just develops a small number of cells needed for kidney function. Cysts in turn are formed when there is an abnormal absence of a connection between the renal tubules directly with the glomeruli or when they are deformed.
What symptomatology can convince in the presence of the disease and help to understand: how to cure polycystosis of the kidneys of this or that degree of neglect? These are symptoms such as severe and aching pain in the lumbar region, high blood pressure, nausea and vomiting. This is a list of those symptoms that the patient himself may notice, and the signs identified in the laboratories include the presence of signs of infection in the blood (leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, ESR slightly increases) and hematuria (blood in the urine) and pyuria (pus in the urine). At the clinic, briefly, you can say a few words. The description of clinical manifestations in this case is very important, as, as it will be written below, the treatment of polycystic kidneys is symptomatic, that is, drugs are selected that remove the symptoms of the disease. And so, polycystic kidney in young children is very bad, often the forecast is not favorable, the outcome of the disease is the death of the child from uremia (self-poisoning of the body due to renal dysfunction). In adults, polycystic kidney disease passes much more slowly and formally it is divided into three stages: compensation, subcompensation, decompensation. Each stage has its own characteristics. In the first stage of polycystic kidney disease, that is, in the stage of compensation, symptomatics are not yet manifested and, accordingly, no complaints from the patient come. In the second stage, subcompensation, there are already signs of renal failure. There is painful thirst, dry mouth, stronger headaches intensify, blood pressure increase becomes more resistant. There is a pyesis of cysts, which is accompanied by chills, fever, in the analysis of blood leukocytosis and increased ESR. Stones that can be in the kidney can cause seizures of renal colic. And when the disease goes to the third stage, uraemia develops. At this stage, the disease is even slower than in the previous two. This condition lasts for years, which leads to the development of chronic renal failure. A sharp deterioration in the patient's condition occurs immediately after the attachment of a secondary infection, for example, SARS, influenza and so on. Unfortunately, after the diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease, the life of patients is an average of no more than 15 years.
As for the treatment of the kidneys affected by polycystosis, it is treated symptomatically, that is, there is no specific treatment suitable for all. If the patient does not, and there was no chronic kidney failure, then the doctor prescribes an energetically rich diet. For high blood pressure prescribe drugs that reduce blood pressure, if the patient has pyelonephritis, antibiotics and uroseptic drugs are prescribed. Suppuration of cysts and the presence of stones in the tubules can require surgical intervention. If only single cysts are found, then simply remove the fluid with a puncture. This procedure is performed under anesthesia. After a loss of sensitivity, a hollow, thin needle is punctured by piercing the kidney, and the fluid is sucked out, the same needle is taken for examination. Not always these methods of treatment remove all symptoms of the disease and guarantee healing, the patient's condition, the clinic of the disease depends on the cysts themselves, their size, damage. The worst case scenario, if the kidney loses its ability to filter urine, then an artificial kidney and hemodialysis is needed, which in the future will lead to a forced kidney transplant. Unfortunately, with this disease, self-medication only worsens the patient's condition and the course of the illness. In any cases, a violation of kidney function should immediately consult a doctor. With pain in the lumbar region, hematuria and the presence of a urinary tract infection, you should not go to the doctor slowly. Well, as a preventive measure, you can find out if you have relatives in your family who have had or are suffering from polycystic kidney disease. In the presence of such a disease, you need to undergo urological examination and do not slowly register. Remember that with a neglected or negligent attitude toward the illness, the patient has a chance (25%) to transmit the disease to a future child.